我国国际竞争力的动态分析与提升战略——基于改革开放30年发展的分析

改革开放30年,我国参与国际经济合作的竞争力经历了不同寻常的发展过程。完善开放型经济体系,形成经济全球化条件下参与国际经济合作和竞争新优势,已经成为我国对外经贸领域的重要课题。本文通过对我国参与国际经贸合作的优势变迁以及参与国际经贸合作的优势源泉的分析,找出了我国外贸可持续发展不足、贸易摩擦带来的压力沉重、技术自主创新能力的相对滞后、自主品牌缺乏以及对外投资与合作的规模与水平亟待推进等主要问题,并提出加快转变我国外贸增长方式等四方面的的政策建议。     

关于完善我国农业保险制度的思考

农业保险是世界各国普遍采用的管理农业风险、降低农业生产不确定性的重要措施。农业保险市场失灵现象在世界各国普遍存在。本文从农业保险的特点和主要类型出发,概述了全球农业保险的发展态势和典型经验,以及我国农业保险的发展概况,结合农业保险研究进展对我国农业保险发展存在问题和挑战进行讨论。为建立多层次农业保险体系,应当明确界定我国农业保险的目标,厘清与宏观经济目标的区别,制定农业保险发展的长期战略性规划;注重农业保险创新的科学性、有效性验证,避免农业保险创新催生新的风险;改革农业保险核损的组织形式,提高农户分散经营背景下的农业保险经营效率;加强微观层面的研究,切实提升农业保险需求;深入全面地研究政府支持农业保险的效率和效果,动态调整支持力度,丰富支持农业保险的方式。     

多层次资本市场的产业内涵

资本市场已经成为人们关注的焦点。然而,我们需要什么样的资本市场是我们理论与实践中必须解决的问题。本文从资本市场的本质特征出发,研究资本市场长期选择功能发挥的前提在于建立多层次的资本市场;从理论上证明多层次资本市场在产业层面上所产生的巨大作用;从发达国家的经验上说明多层次资本市场对主导产业形成的影响;最后提出发展多层次资本市场的对策。     

Central versus local states: Which matters more in affecting China's urban growth?

To date, many geography studies have identified GDP, population, FDI, and transportation factors as key drivers of urban growth in China. The political science literature has demonstrated that China's urban growth is also driven by powerful economic and fiscal incentives for local governments, as well as by the political incentives of local leaders who control land use in their jurisdictions. These parallel but distinct research traditions limit a comprehensive understanding that can result in partial and potentially misleading conclusions of urbanization in China. This paper presents a spatially explicit study that incorporates both political science and geographic perspectives to understand the relative importance of hierarchal administrative governments in affecting urban growth. We use multi-level modeling approach to examine how socio-economic and policy factors – represented here by fiscal transfers – at different administrative levels affect growth in “urban hotspot counties” across three time periods (1995–2000, 2000–2005, and 2005–2008). Our results show that counties that are more dependent on fiscal transfers from the central government convert less cultivated land to urban use, controlling for other factors. We also find that local governments are becoming more powerful in shaping urban land development as a result of local economic, fiscal, and political incentives, as well as through the practical management and control of capital, land, and human resources. By incorporating fiscal transfers in our analysis, our study examines a factor in the urban development of China that had previously been neglected and provides an improved understanding of the underlying processes and pathways involved in urban growth in China.     

论中国创业板市场的发展阶段和意义

文章在对我国创业板建设过程中的重大事件进行深入剖析的基础上,创新性的提出了中国创业板市场的发展阶段:1998-2000年的萌芽和起步、2001-2004年的波折和转向、2006-2009年的再次启动三个阶段,指出创业板的建立有助于贯彻落实国家自主创新战略,促进产业结构的调整,有助于建立健全中小企业的金融支持体系,有助于完善我国多层次资本市场体系。     

Determinants of cropland abandonment at the parcel,household and village levels in mountain areas of China: A multi-level analysis

Cropland abandonment accompanying economic development has been observed worldwide. China has experienced a large amount of land abandonment in recent years. However, the reasons for it are not entirely clear. Although abandonment decisions are made by individual households, the underlying conditions reflect processes operating at multiple levels. Therefore, we aimed to detect the influences on land abandonment at the parcel, household and village levels. We developed and employed a multi-level statistical model using farm household survey data and geographical maps of Wulong County. Our model revealed that of the variance in occurrence of land parcel abandonment, 7% and 13% can be explained at the household and village levels, respectively, while the remnant 80% can be explained at the land parcel features itself. We found that land abandonment is more prone to occur on parcels that are on steep slopes, have poor quality soil, or are remote from the laborers’ residences. Households with less agricultural labor per unit land area showed a high probability of land abandonment. We also found a nonlinear influence of labor age on land abandonment, with households comprising middle-aged laborers having a low land abandonment probability. Parcels in villages with high elevation, far from the county administrative center or with low prevalence of leased land are inclined to abandonment. We also found, surprisingly, that the household proportion of males among its agricultural laborers did not significantly influence the occurrence of land abandonment at the parcel level, probably due to the male agricultural laborers being overwhelmingly old (average age greater than 56 years). To alleviate land abandonment, we suggest improving land tenure and transfer security to ensure stable access to the land rental market, and also improving infrastructure in remote regions.     

“减持规定”规范了大股东减持行为吗?

证监会2016—2017年连续两年发布了“减持规定”。为了验证减持规定的实施效果，研究了“减持规定”颁布前后大股东违规减持行为发生的次数、比例和数量的变化，以探讨监管法规的颁布对大股东减持行为的规范作用。实证分析表明，“减持规定”对大股东违规减持的比例和数量有显著的抑制作用，但没有降低违规减持发生的次数。“减持规定”对非控股大股东违规减持比例和减持数量有显著的约束作用，但没能有效降低控股大股东违规减持的比例和数量。“减持规定”能大大降低中小板公司的大股东违规减持的比例和数量，但在主板和创业板公司未能发挥积极的作用。进一步研究发现，只有微弱的证据表明2017年的“新规”比2016年的“旧规”效果更好。     

Informal institutions and international entrepreneurship

This study examines the influence of three informal institutions, performance orientation, self-expression and social desirability, on the extent of internationalization by early stage entrepreneurial firms. We employed multi-level modeling techniques using 20,656 individual-level responses obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey for 39 countries from 2001 to 2008, and supplementing with country-level data obtained from the World Values Survey (WVS) and the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study. The results demonstrate that high performance orientation, high self-expression, and low social desirability of entrepreneurship in societies increase the extent of internationalization by early-stage entrepreneurial firms. The study promotes new theory and empirical findings on the relationship between informal institutions and entrepreneurial agency.     

State land policy,land markets and geographies of manufacturing: The case of Beijing,China

The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between state land policies, land markets and geographies of manufacturing in Beijing. Industries have decentralised moving from the centre, and agglomerating in various types of development zone in the outer city. The new patterns of industrial location in Beijing are to a significant extent due to state land policies that impact on manufacturing geographies through land prices, the land supply system and land property reforms. However, industrial relocation involves not only negotiations between government and firms, but is also a game played among different levels of government. National, provincial, municipal, county and even rural level governments bargain with each other to shape and gain from the relocation of industries.     

领导行为的多层面的企业领导力评价体系研究

以能力与行为的辩证关系为逻辑起点,以领导行为为中心,考量企业领导者在个体、团队、组织三个层面中所扮演的角色,其相应表现的领导行为为树影响、带队伍、指方向、做决策、抓控制,形成多层面的企业领导力评价指标体系,实证验证和确立了权重。