“土木工程制图”课程教学内容改革与实践

针对“土木工程制图”这门课程的专业性质,对课程的教学内容进行优化,整合“画法几何”、“制图基础”和“土木工程专业制图”3部分内容,删减“画法几何”部分内容,增加了“建筑结构平面整体设计方法”部分内容,将传统教学方法和多媒体教学配套使用,培养大学生对土木工程专业图的识图、读图、绘图能力。     

Municipal commonage policy and livestock owners: Findings from the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The new African National Congress government announced after 1994 that municipal commonage would be a pillar of their land reform programme. The Department of Land Affairs spearheaded this by acquiring new land to complement the existing ‘old’ commonages. The aim of old commonage was to supplement the income of poor urban residents through the subsistence user system whereas new commonage was intended as a ‘stepping stone’ for emergent farmers. We investigated the differences between old and new commonage farmers as well as how they perceived the Makana local municipality's capacity to manage the commonage. The results showed that local institutions were weak. Only 46% of the old commonage farmers were members of a local livestock association whereas 74% of the new commonage farmers were members. Most old commonage farmers (59%) were dissatisfied with local government's management of the commonage. In contrast, only 37% of the new commonage farmers were dissatisfied with the management of the commonage. There were no differences between old and new commonage farmers in terms of livestock owners’ characteristics and mean annual net direct-use value of livestock. There were also no differences in the age of the two types of commonage farmers. Furthermore, there was no association between the type of commonage and level of education. The mean annual net direct-use value of livestock on old commonage was R6308 compared with R9707 on new commonage. Although the income from livestock for new commonage farmers varied slightly from that of old commonage farmers, the annual productive output per farmer on old commonage was R473 ha⁻¹, three times higher than that of new commonage farmers which was R134 ha⁻¹. We suggest that new land policy legislation is needed in which poverty as well as the legal arrangements between all stakeholders is clearly defined. Furthermore, national departments need to be more involved with local municipalities to increase local management capacity.     

城市生活垃圾困境与制度创新——以台北市生活垃圾分类收集管理为例

我国许多城市正面临“垃圾围城”困境,这种困境其实并非城市化的必然结果,困境的根源在于我国城市生活垃圾管理的制度缺失.制度缺失既包括我国城市垃圾分类收集方面的法律缺乏明确而可操作性的权利义务界定,也包括垃圾收费制度没有体现“多排放垃圾多付费”的原则,致使我国城市生活垃圾的分类收集成效甚微.我国台北市将垃圾分类收集与垃圾费...     

工程造价司法鉴定专家证人制度浅析

随着科技、经济的不断发展,诉讼案件越来越多样化、复杂化,经常涉及一些专业的问题,给法官的审判带来种种困难.尤其是建设工程案件,工程造价的鉴定尤为复杂,鉴定机构和鉴定人员的专业水平参差不齐,这让法官审判更是难上加难.最高人民法院于2019年对《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》进行了修正,对专家证人做了明确的规定与...     

项目教学法在《电工电子学》教学中的探讨

为了更好地提高学生学习的主动性和工程实践能力,文章提出在《电工电子学》课程教学中采用项目教学法,并对实施该教法的可行性以及实施该教法时的具体项目进行了探讨。     

我国公路工程施工质量管理浅析

我国每年的公路工程投资巨大,公路工程投资的质量管理是一个非常棘手的问题.文章根据公路工程建设的特点,分析了当前我国公路工程建设质量管理的问题,提出了解决的思路.     

冲压同步工程在汽车开发中的运用

冲压同步工程分析（SE）,即运用DFM（Design for Manufacturability）的方法及辅以先进的CAE技术在整车开发的过程中对整车零件进行冲压成形性能评价,在满足制造要求和零件设计之间找到最优结合点,有效降低设计风险及设计成本。文章简要介绍了冲压SE工作的一般内容、目标以及在SGMW某新项目中的应用情况。     

《工业工程基础》课程的有效性分析

从培养大学生发现问题与解决问题的能力入手,基于案例教学,结合现代IE的特点,提出了工业工程基础课程教学的一些新想法,同时对课堂教学进行了探索,以其提高教学效果。     

价值工程在清代文化元素产品开发与服务决策中的应用

清代文化元素文化产品设计与开发的设计师和工艺师都希望设计的艺术产品能在市场竞争中获得成功。这就需要运用价值分析方法改进现有产品,降低材料费用。清代元素文化旅游产品开发的目的就是为社会提供更多的令人满意的产品,增加产品的销售量、多盈利,最有效的方法是改进设计、改进结构、提高产品质量,从而降低成本,而VE方法正是降低成本、增加利润的最有效方法之一。     

价值工程在教学楼架空层改造中的运用

价值工程作为一种管理方法,对于提高房屋建筑工程项目投资效益效果显著。本文阐述了运用价值工程理论对浙江农林大学教学楼架空层改造的两个设计方案进行优选评价的详细过程,说明如何运用价值工程理论取得最优的设计方案,使项目在一定投资额内达到价值的最大化。