The Role of Trade and International Economic Policy in Indian Economic Performance*

India's economic policies have undergone major reforms since the early 1990s. Before that, government regulation and control of economic activity was pervasive, and the trade sector did very poorly. One consequence was that imports were highly restricted and their scarcity was itself a major constraint on growth. After the crisis of the early1990s, trade policy was substantially liberalized. In this paper, the pre‐1990s regime is first briefly described. Thereafter, the economic policy reforms that impinged most directly on the trade sector are set forth, and the response of exports and imports to those changes is outlined. Exports have grown rapidly, from about 5% of the gross domestic product to around 15%, and they continue to grow at an average annual rate of 20%. Improved performance of the trade sector has been a major contributing factor to India's dramatically accelerated growth performance. A final section of this paper assesses the current situation, and sets forth the major policy challenges that will need to be met if that performance is to be sustained, if not improved upon.     

中国M2／GDP过高的原因分析——基于货币供求理论的研究

货币经济化是一国商品经济发达程度的货币体现,反映了一国金融深化的程度,通常用M2/GDP来衡量.改革开放以来,经济高速发展的中国在这一比值上却远高于欧美等发达国家或是其他发展中国家.为分析金融体系的这一特殊现象,本文从货币供求的角度展开分析了中国M2/GDP过高的原因.     

宝钢CSI模型在B2B电子商务中的应用

客户满意度是企业衡量其产品和服务受欢迎程度的一种方法，也是企业面对充满不确定变数的市场环境所采取的一种思维模式和行为规则。本文基于美国顾客满意指数模型结合宝钢实际情况提出宝钢客户满意模型（BCSI模型），分析探讨BCSI模型在宝钢电子商务应用过程中的关键作用。其中重点分析用户关注的质量感知因素、价值感知因素，提出基于BCSI模型的电子商务服务标准框架。     

C2C交易快递服务满意度研究

服务满意度在不同的行业与企业有着不同的定义，其评价标准也难以确定。文章针对C2C客户和C2C网站对快递服务满意度评价问题，采用三角模糊数对定性指标进行处理，采用熵评价的方法将信息质量反映到组合权中，最终结合层次分析法确定组合权重，从而改进了传统层次分析法确定权重的方法。     

Prices vs. quantities: Public finance and the choice of regulatory instruments

Since Montgomery [1972. Markets in licenses and efficient pollution control programs. Journal of Economic Theory 5, 395-418] and Weitzman [1974. Prices vs. quantities. Review of Economic Studies 41, 477-491], it has generally been assumed that, in a full-information setting, tradable quotas and taxes are equivalent regulatory instruments. We demonstrate that, if the government is movitated by public-finance concerns, this equivalence holds only if quotas are short lived. Moreover, the government prefers quotas with the shortest possible lifetime, or, what is equivalent in our setting, taxes.     

Search frictions and labor market participation

Cross-country differences in labor market participation are often larger than differences in unemployment rates. The same holds true across demographic groups within a given economy. We argue that the interaction between labor force participation decisions and labor market frictions can help us understand these patterns. This interaction highlights dynamic aspects of the participation decision, in contrast to standard textbook treatments that emphasize static costs and benefits of participation. We extend the standard labor market search problem to allow for a third state—non-participation—and assumes that stochastic participation costs precipitate flows into and out of non-participation. We fully characterize the worker's decision problem and use numerical simulations to demonstrate how participation patterns vary with individual characteristics and with labor market conditions.     

我国C2C交易市场中二线网站的现状与运营措施分析

当前我国的C2C电子商务交易市场已进入寡头垄断时期。呈现出“三强纷争、淘宝独大”的局面。在淘宝网这个支配型寡头的绝对优势下，TOM易趣、拍拍网和百度“有啊”等二线C2C网站勉力竞争，努力做大，但未来数年内很难撼动淘宝网的霸主地位，业已形成的市场格局短期内很难改变。整个C2C市场同时又充满了变数，二线网站的市场运营措施决定了其成败。大浪淘沙后的幸存者将成为其中流砥柱。     

CO_2含量对天然气处理装置的影响

天然气中CO_2含量直接制约着脱甲烷塔制冷负温的高低,并且随着CO_2含量的升高会导致脱甲烷塔等关键设备发生冻堵现象。文章分析了CO_2含量对天然气处理装置的危害,希望通过增加脱除CO_2装置或引入重烃塔顶回流以解决此问题。     

货币政策的区域差异研究——理性预期角度的分析

在区域经济金融差别日益扩大的情况下,货币政策的统一或独立性已经和区域金融差异构成了一种博弈。本文从理性预期学说的角度来阐明,在保证全国统一的货币政策前提下,实施体现区域差异的货币政策的必要性及合理性。