芒果苷-HP-β-CD包合物冻干粉针质量标准研究

目的建立芒果苷-HP-β-CD包合物冻干粉针的质量控制方法。方法参照《中国药典》要求,对制剂的外观、再分散性、pH值、水分含量进行检查,并采用UV法测定制剂含量。结果制剂外观为淡黄色松块状物,表面细腻光洁、有一定强度,质轻不易碎裂;再分散性好,pH值及水分含量均符合药典规定;经含测方法学考察,确定了可采用UV法测定制剂中芒果苷的含量,制剂中芒果苷平均含量为(103.08±0.84)mg/ml,RSD为0.81%(n=6)。结论本文建立了芒果苷-HP-β-CD包合物冻干粉针制剂通项检查及含量测定方法,质控方法具有简便、可控、重复性好的优点,能准确评价该制剂的质量。     

A decomposition of monopolistic quality distortion

The quality distortion caused by a linear pricing monopolist is separated into two components; one measures the imbalance of quality and quantity (the skewed component) and the other measures the restriction of production to increase marginal willingness to pay (the unskewed component). Conditions identifying the direction of quality distortion caused by each of these components are presented. Fundamental special cases of preferences and costs, which are useful representation in a variety of contexts, are analyzed using this framework.     

Evidence of assurance enhancing the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures: an empirical analysis

In response to investor and public concerns about harm to the environment, companies are increasingly disclosing environmental information. To enhance the quality of corporate environmental disclosures in a largely voluntary context, various stakeholders are also demanding independent assurance. This study uses a stakeholder‐agency theoretical perspective to examine whether the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures is enhanced when assured. This study also examines the difference in the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures when assurance is provided by either professional accountant assurers or private consultants. Our sample comprises listed companies voluntarily disclosing environmental information in stand‐alone reports, annual reports, and websites. We use an index based upon the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) to measure the quality of company environmental reporting. Results of this matched pairs study show that the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures scores significantly higher for assured companies than unassured companies. For assured companies, the quality is no different when assured by accountants or consultants. Additional analysis provides preliminary evidence that experience improves the quality of environmental disclosures.     

Designing a reverse logistics network for optimal collection, recovery and quality-based product-mix planning

This study proposes an integrated, reverse logistics supply chain planning process with modular product design that produces and markets products at different quality levels. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model formulates the overall planning process required to maximize profit by considering the collection of returned products, the recovery of modules and the proportion of the product mix at different quality levels. This paper proposes the collection of returnables (end-of life, defective, product under warranty) through retail outlets combined with the recovery of modules from the collected products using a network of recovery service providers. The proposed modular product design approach would create a design criterion that provides an improved recovery process at a lower cost. This study uses a total supply chain view that considers the production, transportation and distribution of products to customers, while a numerical problem illustrates the applicability of the models.     

高校内部审计质量控制文献研究综述

内部审计在高校的经济管理活动中的作用越来越重要,内部审计质量是内部审计的生命线。内部审计质量的优劣很大程度上影响高校内部审计效用的发挥。因而加强高校内部审计质量控制,是提高高校内部审计质量的关键。文章首先对国内外关于内部审计质量控制的文献进行了回顾。之后系统性的综述了针对高校的内部审计质量控制文献,进行总结并指出其未来的研究方向。     

Formal institutions, culture, and venture capital activity: A cross-country analysis

Why does the level of venture capital activity vary across countries? This study suggests that the variation can be attributed to the different levels of formal institutional development. Further, this study proposes that venture capitalists respond differently to the incentives provided by formal institutions depending on different cultural settings. Analysis of VC activity for 68 countries during the 1996-2006 period shows that formal institutions have a positive effect on the level of venture capital activity, but this effect is weaker in more uncertainty-avoiding societies and in more collectivist societies. This study has useful theory and policy implications for venture capital and entrepreneurship development.     

中国财税改革战略思路选择研究

中国亟需一次根本性的财税改革。财税改革需在认清改革的历史使命的基础之上全方位推进。财税改革必须适应经济全球化的要求,促进全球经济治理和社会发展;财税改革应有利于合理的国民收入分配格局的形成。财税改革新共识的形成,将有助于改革的顺利推进。     

贵阳市经济高质量发展评价

通过构建高质量发展评价指标体系,对贵阳市2009-2018年的经济发展质量进行评价,发现贵阳市推动经济高质量发展成效显著,高质量发展综合指数从2009年的35. 4提升到2018年66. 47,年均增长6. 5%。创新、协调、绿色、共享提升较大,体现了经济发展数量和质量的统一。但是开放性是目前贵阳经济高质量发展的最大短板,共享性和协调性仍需继续提升。     

湖南省军民融合新兴产业发展研究

通过研究军民技术协同创新、市场需求、产业外部性及区域政策等因素对湖南省军民融合新兴产业发展的影响,对湖南省军民融合新兴产业发展3种主要模式：军工依托型、民口嵌套型和军民共生型进行案例分析,提出湖南省军民融合新兴产业仍需加强产业发展规划,坚持政府主导与市场牵引并举,夯实军民融合技术基础,从而推动湖南省国防科技创新,促进经济社会发展。     

Cost-effectiveness modeling for neuropathic pain treatments: investigating the relative importance of parameters using an open-source model

Aims: The study objective was to develop an open-source replicate of a cost-effectiveness model developed by National Institute for Health and Care (NICE), in order to explore uncertainties in health economic modeling of novel pharmacological neuropathic pain treatments.

Materials and methods: The NICE model, consisting of a decision tree with branches for discrete levels of pain relief and adverse event (AE) severities, was replicated using R, and used to compare a hypothetical neuropathic pain drug to pregabalin. Model parameters were sourced from NICE’s clinical guidelines and associated with probability distributions to account for underlying uncertainty. A simulation-based scenario analysis was conducted to assess how uncertainty in efficacy and AEs affected the net monetary benefit (NMB) for the hypothetical treatment at a cost-effectiveness threshold of £20,000 per QALY.

Results: Relative to pregabalin, an increase in efficacy was associated with greater NMB than an improvement in tolerability. A greater NMB was observed when efficacy was marginally higher than that of pregabalin, while maintaining the same level of AEs than when efficacy was equivalent to pregabalin, but with a more substantial reduction in AEs. In the latter scenario, the NMB was only positive at a low cost-effectiveness threshold.

Limitations: The replicate model shares the limitations described in the NICE guidelines. There is a lack of support in scientific literature for the assumption that increased efficacy is associated with a greater reduction in tolerability. The replicate model also included a single comparator, unlike the NICE model.

Conclusions: Pain relief is a stronger driver of NMB than tolerability, at a cost-effectiveness threshold of £20,000 per QALY. Health technology assessment decisions which are influenced by NICE’s model may reward efficacy gains, even if they are associated with more severe AEs. This contrasts with recommendations from clinical guidelines for neuropathic pain, which place more equal weighting on improvements in efficacy and tolerability as value drivers.