茶叶检测中近远红外分析技术研究进展

我国茶叶种类繁琐,且茶叶市场混乱,为了保证消费者的合法权益,避免其购买到以次充好的茶叶,就需要对其茶叶进行有效的检测。其中,远近红外技术是最常用的技术,但其应用效果仍需要不断进行优化。基于此,就茶叶检测中近远红外分析技术研究进展展开分析,以期对我国茶叶品质评价水平的提升起到促进作用。     

Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty

ABSTRACT

First-time and repeat tourists engage in different tourism experience with a destination. Based on previous studies, the main purpose of this research is to investigate how tourists' previous experience with a tourist destination influences on the satisfaction evaluation, destination loyalty and destination attractiveness. An empirical study is carried out among 806 tourists visiting Calpe, a Spanish tourist destination, in the summer of 2000. Research findings evidence that the level of satisfaction and the number of past visits considerably influence tourists' intentions to make repeat visits.     

An Examination of the Relationship Between a Firm's Offerings and Different Customer Loyalty Segments

Purpose: Loyalty reflects the highest state in the buyer–seller relationship and occurs when repeat patronage and commitment are both high. One generally accepted model of segmenting the customers by degree of loyalty includes 4 categories of loyalty: no loyalty, latent loyalty, spurious loyalty, and loyalty. This study examines the relationship between these 4 customer segments and their evaluation of the firm's offerings.

Methodology/approach: This study uses self-reported purchase behaviors and attitude toward the seller for segmentation. Buyers report the importance of and satisfaction with 15 different offerings or processes. The mean scores for the 4 different groups are compared and tested for statistical significance.

Findings: The loyalty segments differed in the importance placed on customized products. The loyalty and spurious loyalty groups placed a higher importance on receiving customized products from the seller. The loyalty segments also differed in their levels of satisfaction, but these differences did not fully explain repeat patronage behavior. The latent loyalty group, despite their higher levels of satisfaction with standardized offerings, purchased less than the spurious loyalty group.

Originality/value/contribution: The implication for managers is that, if properly identified and managed, understanding these differences could lead to a sustainable competitive advantage. Managers can build loyalty by applying specific tactics tailored to the customer segment.     

Creating a concession climate: the case of the serial downsizers

This paper uses panel data from New Zealand from the years 1995 and 1999 to examine the impact on those organizations, size fifty and over, that engaged in repeat downsizing during this period. It was found that, during the panel period, approximately 20 per cent of the 322 organizations in the survey had engaged in the permanent reduction of their workforce in both periods. When compared with organizations in the survey that had not engaged in downsizing in both periods, it was found that the repeat downsizers exhibited characteristics that were little different from those that had downsized only in the later period, who reported the greatest decline in performance. However, those who had downsized only in 1995 had, by 1999, largely recovered from the initial negative effects. The repeat downsizers appear to have created a long-term concession climate that is associated with negative workplace performance.     

近现代西方民生思想及其制度安排

18世纪的启蒙思想家们的民生理论偏重于民权,而同一时期以及其后的经济学家们的民生理论则偏重于社会保障。以民生为重点的福利国家的制度安排主要特色是：以民生为重点的社会保障通过国家制度安排和政府公共政策群来实现和保证;强调福利的普遍性和普适性;福利开支基本上由企业和政府负担;保障项目齐全;保障目的是维持社会成员一定标准的生活质量。     

O2O生鲜电商平台消费者重购意愿影响机制

基于迁徙理论,从驱动与锁定双视角出发,从推力因素、拉力因素和锁定因素三个层面对线上线下融合(O2O)生鲜电商平台重复购买意愿影响因素与内在机理进行实证研究。通过网络调查问卷采集886份消费者样本数据,运用结构方程模型对研究假说进行检验,结果表明,影响O2O生鲜电商平台重复购买意愿具有驱动效应和锁定效应两大机制,其中顾客满意度是驱动效应中的中介变量,顾客惰性是锁定效应中的中介变量。此外,推力因素的便利性、拉力因素的感知价值、锁定因素的转换成本、主观规范与在线涉入度均对消费者重复购买意愿产生正向影响。在后疫情时代,O2O生鲜电商企业应重视以消费者为中心的关系型营销理念,强化体验营销手段,在满足消费者便利性需求与高价值感受的同时,增强消费者对O2O生鲜电商平台的交易依赖,提高消费者黏性。     

Alternative Methods of Increasing the Precision of Weighted Repeat Sales House Prices Indices

Weighted repeat sales house price indices have become one of the primary indicators used to identify housing market conditions and to estimate the amount of equity homeowners have gained through house price appreciation. The primary reason for the acceptance of this methodology is that it derives a location specific (typically, census division, state or metropolitan area) average change in house prices from repeated observations of individual house prices. It is this repeat attribute that allows repeat sales price indices to claim that it is a preferable index which does a better job of holding quality constant. The amount of time between the two observed prices for a single property is determined by when the home transacts. Some homes transact twice in a period of months and others do not transact for decades. It is likely that individual house price appreciation rates vary from the mean appreciation rate, as estimated by the index, in a systematic fashion. In general, the longer the time between transactions the more variance there is in individual house price appreciation. This paper extends this concept to include new dimensions. For instance, houses that appreciate faster than the mean, as estimated by the index for that location, may experience a different variation structure than homes that appreciate slower. This process can be viewed as an asymmetric treatment of the variance of house price appreciation around the estimated index. In addition, the variance of expensive and affordable homes may also be different and time varying. This paper finds evidence that adding the dimensions of price tiers and asymmetry to the variance estimate has merit and does affect the estimated index as well as homeowner equity estimates. Homeowner equity estimates are especially sensitive to these added dimensions because they depend on both the revised index and the estimated variances, which are specific to each dimension considered—time between transaction, asymmetry, and price tier.     

重复交易视角下信任生成的一种解释

关于信任的形成,文章在评析现有理论的基础上提出了一种新的解释,认为信任的形成既受理性因素的影响,也受社会文化因素的影响。通过建立模型分析,得出了以下结论:(1)在重复交易下,信任有自我强化的机制,从而促进信任的形成;(2)较高的守信水平有利于开展重复交易。重复交易有利于节省交易成本,从而有利于提高社会经济效益。     

京津冀区域框架下的滨海新区发展研究

抛开行政因素,单纯从市场经济的视角来看,滨海新区可以被放在不同尺度的空间范围内去考量,这些空间依次为天津市、京津冀、环渤海、中国北部、东北亚乃至全球范围。实际上在目前经济全球化的背景下,滨海新区可以被看作是在不同空间尺度内发挥作用的经济增长极。本文从不同的空间尺度的视角对滨海新区的功能定位进行分析,并提出通过临海工业带建设在京津冀区域中实现以天津滨海新区为引擎的区域一体化的途径。     

伦理型领导对员工被同事攻击的影响：工作意义和关系冲突的中介作用

员工被同事攻击的现象在组织中较为常见,其对员工和组织造成的危害不容忽视。虽然有研究发现伦理型领导对员工被攻击具有影响作用,但是这种影响的中介机制并没有得到充分的诠释。基于工作动机理论和道德排斥理论,工作意义和关系冲突构成了伦理型领导影响员工被攻击的潜在中介机制。通过对201名生产一线工人的调查问卷发现,伦理型领导与员工被攻击存在显著负相关关系,工作意义和关系冲突在两者之间发挥完全中介作用。为减少组织内员工被攻击现象,组织应发挥伦理型领导的作用,并密切关注员工的工作意义和关系冲突状况。