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51.
Tim Friehe 《Journal of Economics》2009,97(2):165-183
The severity of the sanction for a given offense is often determined by the offense history of the offender. We establish
that this policy can be welfare-maximizing if individuals are imperfectly informed about the magnitude of the sanction. Imperfect
information distorts individuals’ perception of the expected sanction of the first offense. Once detected, individuals learn
about the sanction applicable to their act, making this argument less relevant for consecutive offenses.
相似文献
52.
Craig Brett 《Journal of public economics》1998,70(3):398
Traditional analysis of tax reform treats market behaviour as arising out of individual utility maximisation. In this paper, behaviour is modelled as the Pareto-efficient outcome of a family decision process. Conditions for the existence of a feasible, Pareto-improving tax change are presented and contrasted with those that obtain in the individualistic case. The consequences of treating households as a single individual are also discussed. 相似文献
53.
Hikmet Gunay 《Economic Theory》2008,35(2):367-379
We examine the role that belief, network externality, and information aggregation play in inefficient market collapses. After
receiving consecutive negative shocks, some ex-ante identical Bayesian agents will be discouraged about the unknown state
of the market they invest; therefore, they will stop investing. This decision will have two effects: first, it will cause
agents to aggregate information through social/observational learning; second, it will decrease the network externality effect.
We show that there might be an inefficient market collapse if the externality effect diminishes too much, and the cost of
re-entry to the market is too high. We also analyze the effects of strategic delay and experimentation on the exit decision
of the agents.
I especially thank Thomas D. Jeitschko, Matthew Mitchell, B. Ravikumar Ted Temzelides. I also thank anonymous referees, an
associate editor, John Conlon, Larry Samuelson, Troy Tassier, Stephen Williamson, and seminar participants of the University
of Saskatchewan, Georgia Tech, Concordia University, University of Manitoba, Iowa Alumni Workshop, Midwest Economic Theory
Conferences held at Indiana Bloomington, and Notre Dame, and 1st International Conference on Business, Management and Economics
organized by Yasar University. 相似文献
54.
A. Janssen 《Statistica Neerlandica》1989,43(2):109-125
For randomly right censored models we study the asymptotic behaviour of linear (rank) statistics under local alternatives. The results can be used to evaluate the asymptotic power of the corresponding tests. For instance we treat the question how to choose the best scores in order to derive asymptotically optimal (rank) tests under certain alternatives. 相似文献
55.
The paper provides an extension and a new proof of Deaton's theorem on the undesirability of nonuniform excise taxation when income taxes are affine and preferences over consumption goods are separable from labour–leisure choices, homothetic, and identical across agents. 相似文献
56.
The paper brings a mechanism design perspective to the study of contests. We consider the problem of selecting a contest success function when the contest designer may also value the prize. We show that any equilibrium outcome that can be achieved by a concave increasing contest success function can be replicated by a linear contest success function. An expected utility maximizing designer should employ a linear homogeneous contest success function. We explicitly derive the optimal contest for a risk-neutral designer and present comparative statics results. Tullock's contest is optimal only when the designer's valuation for the prize is low. 相似文献
57.
A model of rational mortgage refinancing is developed where the drift and volatility of interest rate process switch between
two regimes. Because of the possibility of a regime shift, the optimal refinancing policy is characterized by the different
threshold of interest differential for each regime. Numerical simulation demonstrates that the optimal refinancing threshold
in each regime can be smaller or larger than the threshold under single-regime models. Finally, we evaluate the predictions
of the model, based on the estimated parameters for a two-regime model to capture the evolution of the mortgage rates in the
US. Our model can produce both late and early refinancing, which is consistent with the observed refinancing behavior.
The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the
Sumitomo Trust and Banking Co., Ltd. 相似文献
58.
When investigating optimal policies for macroeconomic models, it is common practice to modify the objective function so that the resulting optimal control trajectories become acceptable from a practical point of view. In this paper we argue that the sole purpose of the objective function should be to express the preference of the decision makers, and that explicit bounds on the controls should be used to ensure that the optimal controls will be practical. Using a piece-wise quadratic objective function involving only the unemployment and inflation rates, which are state (endogenous) variables, we first develop a discrete minimum principle, giving necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. Then we perform various bounded control experiments with the 35-equation quarterly CLEAR model of the Canadian economy, which is very briefly described. The empirical results which were obtained using a version of the GRG algorithm are discussed in view of the conclusions that might be drawn for a real-world practical policy analysis. 相似文献
59.
This paper revisits the issue of the optimal exchange rate regime in a flexible price environment. The key innovation is that we analyze this question in the context of environments where only a fraction of agents participate in asset market transactions (i.e., asset markets are segmented). Under this friction alternative exchange rate regimes have different implications for real allocations in the economy. In the context of this environment we show that flexible exchange rates are optimal under monetary shocks and fixed exchange rates are optimal under real shocks. 相似文献
60.
《Resource and Energy Economics》2014,36(4):637-658
This paper extends the classical exhaustible-resource/stock-pollution model with irreversibility of pollution decay, meaning that after reaching some threshold there is no decay of the pollution stock. Within this framework, we answer the question how the potential irreversibility of pollution affects the extraction path. We investigate the conditions under which the economy will optimally adopt a reversible policy, and when it is optimal to enter the irreversible region. In the case of irreversibility it may be optimal to leave a positive amount of resource in the ground forever. As far as the optimal extraction/emission policy is concerned, several types of solutions may arise, including solutions where the economy stays at the threshold for a while. Given that different programs may satisfy the first order conditions for optimality, we further investigate when each of these is optimal. We show that it is never optimal for the economy to stay at the threshold for a while before entering the irreversible region. The optimality analysis is then illustrated by means of a calibrated example. To sum up, for any pollution level, we can identify a critical resource stock such that there exist multiple optima i.e. a reversible and an irreversible policy that yield exactly the same present value. For any resource stock below this critical value, the optimal policy is reversible whereas with large enough resources, irreversible policies outperform reversible programs. 相似文献