At their wits’ end? Economic stress,motivation and unethical judgement of public servants

ABSTRACT

Through an interdisciplinary approach, this paper addresses the scarcity of research that assesses economic stressors, public service motivation (PSM), work motivations, and unethical judgement in the public square. We argue that motivations have a direct relationship with the acceptance of unethical behaviour, but that economic stress (defined as financial stress and job insecurity) may influence this relationship both direct and indirectly. Using data from the European Social Survey, we develop a path model to test these hypotheses. We find that PSM and work motivation influence unethical judgements, and perceived economic stressors play an indirect role through their relationship with work motivations. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

劳动力市场中容貌歧视的学历纠正效应研究

容貌歧视是劳动力市场中一种较为隐匿的歧视行为。文章基于2012年中山大学"中国劳动力动态调查"（CLDS）所得数据,运用OLS回归及倾向性得分匹配法对容貌的工资效应进行了分析。研究结论支持容貌的优势和劣势都会显著影响劳动者的工资的结论,并且证明在男性群体、女性群体以及低学历群体中,"美貌溢价"和"丑陋罚金"都存在：前者会带来工资升水而后者则会降低工资水平。更为重要的是,文章首次揭示出容貌歧视在高学历群体中的失效,即"颜值"并不会对高学历劳动者的工资产生显著影响。由此,"Dress for success"具有一定的合理性,同时降低容貌-收入负效应的途径之一则是提高学历水平。     

金融包容的减贫效应研究——来自中国微观数据的经验分析

基于中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）2013数据，从贫困状态、贫困深度和贫困强度三个角度测度农户贫困状况，运用倾向得分匹配（PSM）方法分析金融包容对农户贫困减缓的影响。研究发现：金融包容能够显著减缓农户贫困；分区域来看，金融包容减缓西部地区农户贫困的效应大于东部和中部地区。进一步作用机制分析发现：金融包容可通过促进农户家庭创业和教育人力资本提升来减缓贫困。     

Antecedents and outcomes of acceptance of performance appraisal system in Korean non-profit organizations

This study identifies the antecedents of non-profit public service motivation (NPSM) and employee outcomes using Korean non-profit acceptance of performance appraisal system (APAS) survey data. We test an NPSM model and examine the concept through public service motivation (PSM) in the non-profit sector. We then apply findings on work motivation, PSM, and performance appraisal systems to quantitative research and test several hypotheses concerning how (1) the non-profit sector’s APAS affects and uniquely shapes non-profit workers’ motivation, (2) NPSM relates to organizational trust, and (3) organizational characteristics affect Korean non-profit employees. We discuss our findings’ implications for non-profit theory and practice.     

Quality of information disclosure,property rights,and bank loans: A bank heterogeneity perspective

Using the context of the financial reform and the development of the non-state sector in China in the past decade, we examine the roles that the quality of information disclosure and property rights play in the allocation of different types of bank credit. We find that foreign banks and policy banks exercise “financial discrimination,” and that local commercial banks, large state-owned commercial banks, national joint-stock banks, local city commercial banks, and rural commercial banks not only exercise financial discrimination but also provide significant “financial support” to non-state-owned enterprises by providing more lending opportunities and larger loans. However, when enterprises commit information disclosure violations, the local commercial banks, national joint-stock banks, local city commercial banks, and rural commercial banks reverse their credit decisions and begin to exercise financial discrimination against non-state-owned enterprises. At the same time, large state-owned commercial banks continue to provide financial support to non-state-owned enterprises. We also find that the quality of the information disclosed by enterprises has a moderating effect rather than an intermediary effect on the relationship between property rights and bank loans. Overall, the results of this paper shine new light on the market-oriented reform of the banking industry, and provide new empirical evidence for the presence of financial discrimination in the supply of bank credit. Our findings also have practical implications for solving the financing difficulties of non-state-owned enterprises.     

CEO金融背景对企业经营绩效影响研究——基于倾向得分匹配法 (PSM) 和Logit模型

依据沪深两市交易所主板上市的A股公司数据,采用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）和logit回归模型考量CEO金融背景对上市企业经营绩效影响。结果表明：具有金融背景的CEO并不会对上市企业经营绩效的提升带来显著改进;中介作用机制分析发现,拥有金融背景的CEO会更容易通过增加企业的金融性资产比例从而增大企业的经营风险。     

风险投资对创业企业作用的实证研究

文章从风险投资对创业企业作用的机理分析出发,实证研究风险投资对创业企业创生和企业成长的作用。对企业创生作用的研究表明风险投资活动的发展和增长有助于地区新企业的创生,一方面风险投资为那些无法从传统渠道融资的创业企业提供资金支持,另一方面也刺激地区创新,促使新经济部门、新技术、新产品的出现,为创业者创业活动提供更多机遇。有关风险投资对创业企业成长作用的研究采用倾向得分匹配法,该方法有效剔除了风险投资家“选择作用”对研究结果造成的偏差。研究结果表明风险投资不但有助于企业规模的不断扩大,同时也有助于企业研发创新等各项成长能力的提升,有效促进了企业竞争优势,帮助企业做大做强。     

Examining public service motivation in the voluntary sector: implications for public management

Building on research about the nature of public service motivation (PSM) and its application outside the public sector, the authors provide a qualitative-based examination of PSM’s relevance to voluntary sector employees. In doing so, they explore how far their motivations extend beyond those encompassed within current conceptualizations of PSM and whether PSM research can be enriched through the adoption of qualitative methodologies. The findings suggest that PSM accounts for some, but not all, of the motives of voluntary sector employees and indicate that public sector managers involved in outsourcing public services need to be sensitive to their distinctive features.     

Are farms in less favored areas less efficient?

This article investigates farm technical efficiency (TE) and the effect of heterogeneity on production among farms using the Slovenian Farm Accountancy Data Network sample of farms in the period 2007–2013. We model production technology with a random parameter model that allows us to examine both the direct effect of heterogeneity on production and the indirect effect through the interaction of unobserved heterogeneity with time and input variables. Additionally, we consider intersectoral heterogeneity among types of farming. Results confirm the importance of all these sources of heterogeneity. The second contribution of the article is that, in addition to using conventional statistical methods, we examine the differences between less favored area (LFA) and non‐LFA farms using matching techniques. Results indicate that there is only a minor and statistically nonsignificant difference in TE between these groups. However, the difference is highly significant in terms of heterogeneity and technology. In other words, results show that farms in LFAs are not more inefficient but rather use different, production–environment‐specific technologies. These findings call attention to the fact that omitting the effect of heterogeneity on production technology leads to biased TE estimates and, in turn, leads to potentially imperfect policy choices.     

海外并购与企业创新

在当前我国企业海外并购快速增长的背景下,本文利用2008-2015年上市公司海外并购交易数据和企业专利数据库,采用倾向匹配得分法和非线性双重差分法考察了跨国并购对企业自主创新的影响。研究结果发现,海外并购显著地提高了企业的创新水平,且这种提升效应具有持续性但呈逐年下降的趋势;区分专利类型来看,海外并购企业的发明、实用新型专利申请及发明授权数显著增加,但对外观专利的影响不明显甚至为负,海外并购企业创新产出的增加不仅体现在数量上,创新的质量也显著提高。