教育背景与我国家庭股票市场参与*——基于CFPS微观数据的实证分析

本文基于中国家庭追踪调查（China family panel studies，CFPS）的数据，针对股市上典型的“有限参与”现象，考察了教育背景在两个维度上对家庭股市参与概率的影响。通过Logit回归，本文发现：平均受教育年限越高及拥有专业背景的家庭，参与股市概率越大。进一步运用倾向性得分匹配法对专业背景的作用进行估计，本文发现：在家庭股票投资决策中，成员经管背景作用的大小与显著性受所在家庭整体教育水平的约束。主事者的决策地位随家庭整体受教育年限的提高而受到削弱，而家庭成员对金融知识的掌握也可能会因自身学历在家中占优与否相应地被高估或低估。基于研究结论与现实，笔者认为，在我国证券市场中，平均受教育年限越高的家庭共同决策的氛围更浓，一方面，学历更高与投资知识更专业的成员可能并不在金融参与决策上起支配作用，但另一方面，家庭也会因为某些成员的教育背景做出轻率的投资决定。针对教育背景伴随的欠理性投资行为以及完成“有限参与”向“积极参与”的转变，本文也提供了一些建议与意见。     

Economic impacts of integrated pest management (IPM) farmer field schools (FFS): evidence from onion farmers in the Philippines

This article comprehensively examines the impact of integrated pest management‐farmer field school (IPM‐FFS) on yield, insecticide expenditures, labor expenditures, herbicide expenditures, fertilizer expenditures, and profit, based on data from onion producers in the Philippines. Propensity score matching (PSM) and regression‐based approaches that account for potential bias due to selection problems from observable variables are used to achieve the objective of the study. Sensitivity of our IPM‐FFS impact results to potential bias due to “selection on unobservables” was also assessed. We find that farmers who participate in the IPM‐FFS training program have statistically lower insecticide expenditures than the non‐IPM‐FFS farmers. But we do not find any evidence that the IPM‐FFS training program significantly affects yield and the other inputs. There is some evidence indicating that IPM‐FFS farmers may have statistically higher profit levels than non‐IPM‐FFS producers, but these results are sensitive to and may still be invalidated by bias due to unobservable variables. Since IPM‐FFS seem to only significantly reduce insecticide use, policymakers and extension educators may need to adjust the IPM‐FFS curriculum to further emphasize (or include) other agronomic practices that also optimize the use of other inputs like labor, fertilizer, and herbicides. The more efficient use of all inputs would likely reduce total expenditures and eventually translate to higher incomes.     

持续经营审计意见与上市公司价值评估——基于公司财务报表估值的角度

从财务报表估值的角度,利用我国2000—2015年沪深A股上市公司数据,采用PSM倾向得分匹配法,研究持续经营审计意见作为权益市场的风险传递机制,其对上市公司价值评估产生的影响。研究发现,持续经营审计意见能够导致公众对财务困境公司的市场价值认可方式的转变,即随着首次持续经营非标意见的出具,公众对上市公司估值采取的双报表关注转变为重视资产负债表、轻视利润表的偏向关注,且这种关注是伴随着持续经营审计意见骤然出现的,而非随着财务困境的加深逐渐出现。进一步研究发现,持续经营审计意见的出具导致我国资本市场看低存货和无形资产,重视固定资产和长期负债的影响,因此持续经营非标意见为公司的清算或者调整风险提供了增量信息。     

Voluntary Disclosure of Auditors＇ Report on Internal Control： Firm Characteristics and Economic Consequences

Using propensity score matching （PSM） and the difference-in- difference （DID） approach, this paper explores the characteristics of listed Chinese firms that voluntarily disclose auditors＇ reports on internal control and the economic consequences. Using a sample of non-financial firms listed on the main boards of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange between 2006 and 2010, we find that firms are more likely to voluntarily disclose their auditors＇ reports on internal control if they have higher state ownership, lower managerial ownership, sanction records, audit committees, non-Big Four auditors as their auditors of annual financial reports, unqualified auditors＇ opinions on financial reports, less board independence, after controlling for firm size, liabilities, performance, and history. Moreover, as compared to a control group that exhibits similar characteristics, firms that voluntarily disclose auditors＇ reports on internal control are associated with positive earnings quality and negative cost of equity capital.     

PSM system upgrade in response to an Occupational Safety and Health Administration NEP inspection

This article presents a brief analysis of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Petroleum Refinery Process Safety Management National Emphasis Program (NEP) citation results as of early 2009. It includes trends distilled from the OSHA inspections performed to date. Recommendations for preparing for PSM NEP level inspections are provided. A proven approach to designing and implementing an upgrade project for OSHA process safety management systems and EPA risk management program is described. The model presented can be targeted to a facility's NEP specific citations or used for a general PSM system effectiveness upgrade. This article includes recommendations for improving PSM as a result of an NEP inspection. The recommendations are for the PSM elements that routinely have major OSHA citations; that is: Operating Procedures, Mechanical Integrity, Process Hazards Analysis, Process Safety Information, Management of Change, and Incident Investigations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2009     

女性社会网络关系与创业融资劣势

随着“大众创业、万众创新”相关政策深入实施,利用互联网众筹等新融资平台为创业团队募集资金,已成为创业融资的重要手段。然而,在网络众筹平台上,女性领导者主持的创业项目在数量、融资额度或成功机会上均远低于男性领导的创业项目。女性是否存在互联网创业融资瓶颈,何种原因导致上述劣势存在,成为理论界亟需解决的重要问题。为此,从社会嵌入理论出发,基于互联网众筹平台1 517个创业项目,利用PSM及OLS方法研究发现,女性在社会网络相关条件强度和社会网络对创业融资影响两方面都存在创业劣势,进而确定了女性创业者融资劣势的来源,并提出了相关建议。     

能力差异视角下农户参与特色农业项目的减贫效应研究

基于武陵山区特色农业发展地区农户的微观调研数据,综合运用熵值法和倾向得分匹配法（PSM）实证分析农户参与特色农业项目的减贫效应以及不同参与能力水平农户的差异。研究结果显示：贫困农户的参与能力水平远低于非贫困农户,且参与行为有着明显的能力依赖特征,导致低能力水平的贫困农户存在参与不足的情况。农户参与特色农业项目具有显著的减贫效应,参与的农户比没有参与农户的贫困发生几率低10.11%。基于不同参与能力农户的进一步比较发现,农户参与特色农业项目的减贫作用有着明显的"益弱性"特征,同时对于低能力水平农户又有着一定的"门槛"约束。     

新农合对我国农户预防性储蓄挤出效应的实证研究

在构建医疗支出的跨期模型的基础上,分析新农合对农户储蓄决策的影响,研究发现:(1)新农合能够减少参保前自付医疗费用的农户储蓄,增加参保前选择不治疗、参保后治疗疾病的农户储蓄;(2)医保补偿水平越高,对农户预防性储蓄的挤出效应越强;农户的医疗支出水平越高或谨慎性系数越大,参保后储蓄水平的下降越明显.采用倾向性得分匹配法检验新农合对农户预防性储蓄的挤出效应,结果表明:(1)新农合的开展显著降低了参合农户的储蓄水平;(2)挤出效应在新农合发展水平较高及健康状况较差的家庭中更为明显;(3)家庭财富水平及农户的参合经验并未对挤出效应大小产生显著影响.     

中国企业从出口到OFDI的渐进国际化——基于不确定性的视角

国际市场的不确定性会促使企业遵守循序渐进的国际化进程。对此,文章通过构建二阶段模型,阐释了不确定性条件下企业如何由出口向OFDI动态转型。在此基础上,文章选取2000-2006年中国海关数据库、中国工业企业数据库和境外投资企业名录的匹配数据,采用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）检验出口对OFDI决策的影响,进而采用Cox回归分析不确定性条件下出口经验与OFDI决策的关系。结果发现,不确定性越强,出口经验对OFDI决策的作用就越重要,但是该作用会随着在同一市场连续出口时间的延长而依次递减;按所有权分类的实证结果进一步显示,私营企业和外资企业出口对OFDI的影响持续降低;集体企业在最初第二、三年的出口经验对OFDI决策影响最大,之后逐年降低,呈倒"U"型;国有企业的出口经验对OFDI的影响始终呈现不规律变化。     

农户参与农业全程生产托管诱因及福祉效应研究

[目的]农业生产托管作为面向小农户的社会化服务体系,在一定程度上解决了小农户在劳动力、技术、资金等方面的实际困难,对农户福利变化及差异产生重要影响。研究农户参与的诱因及福祉效应,对于促进农业生产托管推广应用,实现农业现代化发展有着重要的现实意义。[方法]基于2021年陕西省关中地区1 169份农户微观调研数据,文章通过熵值法对农户的主客观福祉水平进行测算,并运用倾向得分匹配模型实证分析农户参与全程托管的诱因及对其福祉效应的影响。[结果](1)农业全程托管对农户的主客观福祉水平均具有显著的正向影响,不仅在收入与物质需求、选择与行动自由两个维度上增进农户的客观福祉,也有助于农户主观福祉中“三生空间”满意度的提升。(2)全程托管的福祉效应在不同群体间存在显著的差异,对老龄化程度高、经营规模0.67hm²(10亩)以下及粮食作物种植的农户和家庭福祉效应的提升效果较佳。(3)农户全程托管是其理性决策的结果,个人及家庭特征、农业经营特征及组织支持等是农户全程托管的重要影响因素。[结论]继续加大农业生产托管的推广普及,扩大全程托管覆盖面。结合农户特征,制定差异化、精准化的支持举...