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101.
This study examines the impact of corporate philanthropy growth on sales growth using a large sample of charitable contributions made by U.S. public companies from 1989 through 2000. Applying Granger causality tests, we find that charitable contributions are significantly associated with future revenue, whereas the association between revenue and future contributions is marginally significant at best. We then identify the mechanism underlying our findings. Our results are particularly pronounced for firms that are highly sensitive to consumer perception, where individual consumers are the predominant customers. In addition, we document a positive relationship between contributions and customer satisfaction. Overall, our evidence suggests that corporate philanthropy, under certain circumstances, furthers firms' economic objectives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
102.
赵海军 《价值工程》2015,34(8):209-210
地勘单位应顺应改革大势,遵循市场经济规律,破解难题,加快推动转型升级,创造地勘业新的发展黄金期。本文就地勘单位转型升级的重要性认识,如何进行产业转型升级,在转型升级应重点把握关键因素进行了探讨。  相似文献   
103.
在油田企业,机械采油电力驱动装备俱为电机,约占总耗电量的80%。在实际生产中,很多抽油机电机处于轻载、低效、高耗的运行状态,电能浪费严重。因此,电机节能降耗是解决油田节电降耗、降低开采成本的主要方向。通过分析抽油机光杆功率与电机额定功率的理论关系,结合2011年安塞油田引进安装双功率电机的现场应用效果,阐述其工作原理和技术指标,并根据现场监测得到电能参数进行客观、准确的分析评价。  相似文献   
104.
    
This paper presents panel data evidence on the impact of expansion of global value chains and large-scale export-oriented farms in developing countries over almost a decade. We estimate the income effects of wage employment on large-scale farms in the horticultural export sector in Senegal, using data from two survey rounds covering a seven-years period of rapid expansion of the sector. We estimate average income effects as well as heterogeneous income effects, using fixed effects and quantile fixed effects regressions. We find that poverty and inequality reduced much faster in the research area than elsewhere in Senegal. Employment in the horticultural export sector is associated with higher household income and the income effect is strongest for the poorest households. Expansion of the horticultural export sector in Senegal has been particularly pro-poor through creating employment that is accessible and creates substantial income gains for the poorest half of the rural population. These pro-poor employment effects contrast with insights in the literature on increased inequality from rural wage employment.  相似文献   
105.
结合中国海洋石油工程建设特点,阐述了项目建设单位的主要工作,分析了项目建设存在的主要问题,并对解决问题提出了制度运行监管、合规监管、资质监管、质量监管等监管对策。  相似文献   
106.
    
Using three waves (2008/09, 2010/11, 2012/13) of the Tanzanian National Panel Survey, this study investigates the impact of maize price shocks on household food security. Between 2008/09 and 2012/13, calorie intake stagnated for urban households, yet sharply deteriorated for rural households. The latter was driven by a significant decline in the consumption of the major staple maize which showed strongest price hikes among all major food items. Fixed-effects regressions indicate a clear negative relationship between maize prices and average household energy intake. Almost all population groups were found to be negatively affected by maize price shocks, with rural landless households being the most vulnerable group. In particular, a 50 percent rise in maize prices decreases caloric intake for rural (urban) households on average by 4.4 (5.4) percent, and for rural landless households by 12.6 percent. Results further indicate that subsistence agriculture can act as an effective strategy to insure against food price volatility.  相似文献   
107.
Abstract

This paper investigates the spurious regression in the spatial setting where the regressant and regressors may be generated from possible nonstationary spatial autoregressive processes. Under the near unit root specification with a row-normalized spatial weights matrix, it is shown that the possible spurious regression phenomena in the spatial setting are relatively weaker than those in the nonstationary time series scenario. The regression estimates might or might not converge to 0. The divergence might occur only when the regressant has a near unit root much closer to unity than that of the regressor. For the t and F statistics, there could be over-rejection of the null of uncorrelatedness under certain situations, but they do not diverge. However, the coefficient of determination R 2 converges to 0, which provides strong evidence of the spurious regression even when t and F statistics are large. Simulation results about different statistics are in line with the theoretical results we derive in this paper.

Non-stationnarité spatiale et fausse régression: l'argument pour la matrice de pondération spatiale à normalisation ‘row-normalized’

RÉSUMÉ?La présente communication se penche sur la fausse régression dans les cadres spatiaux, o[ugrave] des variables dépendantes et des variables explicatives peuvent être produites par d’éventuels procédés autorégressifs spatiaux non stationnaires. Dans le cadre de la spécification de la racine quasi-unitaire, avec une matrice de pondération spatiale normalisée ‘row-normalized’, il est démontré que les phénomènes de fausse régression dans les cadres spatiaux sont relativement plus faibles que ceux du scénario à série chronologique non stationnaire. Pour les statistiques t et F, on pourra assister à une sur-réjection du néant de la non corrélation dans certaines circonstances, mais aucune divergence. Toutefois, le coefficient de détermination R2 converge vers 0, en apportant ainsi une preuve substantielle de la fausse, même en présence de statistiques t et F élevées. Les résultats des simulations sur différentes statistiques sont en accord avec les résultats théoriques que nous dérivons dans la présente communication.

No estacionariedad espacial y regresión falsa: el caso con la matriz de pesos espaciales standardizada por filas

RÉSUMÉ?Este trabajo investiga la regresión falsa en el ámbito espacial donde la variable dependiente y las variables independientes pueden generarse a partir de posibles procesos autorregresivos espaciales no estacionarios. Bajo la especificación de raíz unitaria con una matriz de pesos espaciales estandarizada por filas, se muestra que los posibles fenómenos de regresión falsa son relativamente más débiles que los del caso de la serie de tiempo no estacionario. En las estadísticas t y F, podría producirse un sobrerrechazo de la hipótesis nula de incorrelación bajo ciertas situaciones, pero no son divergentes. No obstante, el coeficiente de determinación R2 converge a 0, lo que ofrece una evidencia fuerte de la regresión falsa incluso cuando las estadísticas t y F son amplias. Los resultados de simulación sobre diferentes estadísticas se mantienen en línea con los resultados teóricos que obtenemos en este trabajo.

  相似文献   
108.
Forecasting and turning point predictions in a Bayesian panel VAR model   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
We provide methods for forecasting variables and predicting turning points in panel Bayesian VARs. We specify a flexible model, which accounts for both interdependencies in the cross section and time variations in the parameters. Posterior distributions for the parameters are obtained for hierarchical and for Minnesota-type priors. Formulas for multistep, multiunit point and average forecasts are provided. An application to the problem of forecasting the growth rate of output and of predicting turning points in the G-7 illustrates the approach. A comparison with alternative forecasting methods is also provided.  相似文献   
109.
    
This study provides evidence about the impact of informal economy on income inequality by using annual cross-country panel data from 28 European Union countries observed during the period 2005–2017. Particular attention is dedicated to the cultural setting which is expected to impact taxpayers’ behaviour and thereby income distribution. The study reveals a relationship between the size of the underground economy and income inequality, which is negative when approaching domestic informality and positive when international tax evasion by individuals is related to the top-bottom income disparity. Moreover, a delay of one-year is needed for these effects to occur, sustaining the hypothesis of secondary consequences of the informality. The study also shows that a set of cultural peculiarities are relevant for the nexus of international tax evasion by individuals and income polarisation. The inequality enhancing effect of the offshore activities is larger in countries with high degree of uncertainty avoidance and power distance, and low level of indulgence and long-term orientation respectively.  相似文献   
110.
    
The purpose of the paper is to examine the nature of Greek regional unemployment. The paper contributes to the literature assessing the stochastic properties of Greek unemployment rate in the context of the Greek regions by relying on various univariate and panel unit root tests. In particular, recently developed and more powerful panel unit-root tests that control for structural breaks, heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the panel are employed. The results show that in all cases, after taking into account the fact that regional unemployment rates in Greece are subject to a structural break, the null hypothesis of a unit root is not rejected, indicating that the Greek regional unemployment series are non-stationary with the presence of a structural break.  相似文献   
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