欠发达地区建设新农村的模式选择与借鉴

由于区域经济发展不平衡，我国欠发达地区新农村建设面临的困难要大得多。如何推进经济欠发达地区的新农村建设已成为我国新农村建设的重点。选择正确的发展模式对新农村建设具有重要意义。欠发达地区建设新农村模式的选择应坚持生态、富裕、文明等基本方略。部分农村发展模式的成功经验，可供欠发达地区参考和借鉴。     

The Effect of Respondent Experience/Knowledge in the Elicitation of Contingent Values: An Investigation of Convergent Validity,Procedural Invariance and Reliability

Tests of convergent validity and procedural invariance were used to investigate whether individuals lacking direct experience with a commodity can provide valid responses to contingent-valuation questions eliciting ex post use values. Convergent validity between samples with and without experience was shown to hold for dichotomous-choice responses, but not for open-ended responses.     

Candidate stability and nonbinary social choice

Summary. The requirement that a voting procedure be immune to the strategic withdrawal of a candidate for election can be formalized in different ways. Dutta, Jackson, and Le Breton (Econometrica, 2001) have recently shown that two formalizations of this candidate stability property are incompatible with some other desirable properties of voting procedures. This article shows that Grether and Plott's nonbinary generalization of Arrow's Theorem can be used to provide simple proofs of two of their impossibility theorems. Received: August 15, 2001; revised version: March 11, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Parts of this article were previously circulated in somewhat different form in a working paper with the same title by the second author. We are grateful to Michel Le Breton and an anonymous referee for their comments. Correspondence to:J.A. Weymark     

社区商业文化价值的开发

社区商业文化产生于社区商业细致入微的服务及相对稳定的服务对象两者之间积极互动的过程。社区商业经营活动的过程就是社区商业文化形成的过程。质优价宜的商品、全面细致的服务、社区活动的参与和促销宣传活动的结合,强化了社区网点与社区居民之间的亲和关系。充分发挥社区商业文化吸引消费、引导消费的价值,必须从战略的高度对待选址、服务配套、人员配备、参与社区建设等经营管理的问题。     

Locally Greater Vulnerability to Background Risk

Willingness to take on risk is influenced by the presence of fair and unfair background risks for decision makers who are risk vulnerable as defined by Gollier and Pratt [1996], for these decision makers are more risk averse when they possess such an uninsurable background risk. We present an alternative derivation of the index of local vulnerability based on Diamond and Stiglitz [1974] compensated increases in risk, such that risk aversion increases with the introduction of any small fair background risk if and only if the index of local vulnerability is positive. We establish that the increase in risk aversion is greater for those who are more vulnerable as measured by the index of local vulnerability.     

Traders’ choice between limit and market orders: evidence from NYSE stocks

In this paper, we examine a trader's order choice between market and limit orders using a sample of orders submitted through NYSE SuperDot. We find that traders place more limit orders relative to market orders when: (1) the spread is large, (2) the order size is large, and (3) they expect high transitory price volatility. A rise in informational volatility appears neither to increase nor decrease the placement of limit orders. We also find that a rise in lagged price volatility decreases the size of spread, which is driven by the increase in the placement of limit orders.     

西部新型工业化道路的特殊性及战略选择

西部目前正处于工业化初期向中期过渡期,加深工业化仍然是一项艰巨的历史性任务。由于西部工业基础薄弱,结构不尽合理,且信息化、现代化程度低,与东部发达地区相比,西部新型工业化道路具有特殊性。因此,优化西部地区产业结构、提高现代化新技术水平,用资源引进资本以及推动农业工业化等,是西部新型工业化的必由之路。     

论国企改革中的不可信威胁、监督制衡与路径选择

虽然大多数国有企业都进行了公司制改造,但是效益并没有得到明显的改善.一方面,所有公司治理机制的有效性最终都取决于在市场竞争中失败成为一个可信威胁,而对于许多国有企业来说,在政府"父爱"的关怀下,这种威胁是不可信的,这使得国有企业经营者没有压力进行创新,得过且过,效益低下是自然的结果.另一方面,国有企业的投资者、债权人只有弱的动力去监督国有企业,国有企业也并没有建立起内部的制衡机制,这使得国有企业的"内部人控制"现象仍很突出,经营者可以"任我行".我们认为国有企业低效与其独特的产权制度密不可分,国有资产分步骤、有条理、有规则地退出竞争性领域,这是改革的关键.引进机构投资者,加强市场监督,加大剩余索取权在企业从业人员中的分享程度也是促进国有企业公司制改革,提高国有企业运营效率必不可少的环节.     

基于循环经济的绍兴休闲观光农业发展研究

［目的］休闲观光农业建设是绍兴市产业转型升级的关键一步,探寻休闲观光农业新模式,能够为休闲农业发展提供理论参考。［方法］文章采用变异系数法确定指标权重,多因素综合分析法测算观光农业发展水平,从循环经济角度出发,评价2001—2016年绍兴市休闲观光农业发展可持续性,提出发展中存在的问题并探索循环型的休闲观光农业新模式。［结果］（1）2001—2016年以来,经济发展可持续性得分较高,资源环境可持续得分次之,循环经济可持续发展偏低。（2）现阶段绍兴市休闲观光农业发展主要存在休闲观光农业自然环境不断遭到破坏,休闲观光农业缺乏整体规划,休闲观光农业旅游支撑体系不够健全等问题。（3）未来发展中,循环经济发展下的休闲观光农业可以开发建设时空复合循环型、资源综合利用循环型、能量多级利用循环型、综合开发利用循环型等4种模式。［结论］未来绍兴市应将循环经济的理念融入到休闲观光农业中,因地制宜,科学选择循环型休闲观光农业发展模式; 规划先行,科学利用农业旅游资源; 强化保障,建立休闲观光农业支撑体系,全面推动休闲观光农业健康持续发展。     

基于离散选择模型的水质改良非市场价值评估——以滇池为例

非市场价值的评估是水质改良项目经济可行性分析或水生态补偿决策必须考虑的难题之一。该文以滇池为例,通过选择卡和开放式问卷调查获得昆明市居民对滇池水污染的认识及对水质改良的支付意愿,利用离散选择模型估计了滇池水质改良的非市场价值,利用Tobit模型分析了影响对居民最大支付意愿的影响主要因素,其中将离散选择模型用于水质改良在国内尚属首次。结果表明,多数居民对水质水污染有较清晰好的认识,居民的支付意愿与家庭收入、目标水质、对项目的了解程度、对湖泊环境影响的认识等成正相关关系;居民户对四类水和三类水水质的支付意愿分别为每月42元/月和91元/月,或504元/年和1092元/年,分别占家庭年平均收入的011%和023%;因此,可以计算算得滇池目前的水质改良到IV类和III类的非市场价值分别是6 91996万元/年和1499 3亿元/年。研究具有以下意义：首先,非市场价值是水质改良价值的重要组成部分,在评估水质改良项目的经济可行性时应给予考虑;其次,在为水质改良项目进行公共融资时,应考虑到居民支付意愿的影响因素,并让居民更多地了解水质改良对湖泊生态的影响;最后,通过对环境产品或服务的定价,将弥补未定价稀缺性所带来的经济问题。研究结果可为水质改良项目可行性分析和生态补偿决策提供参考依据。