A framework to facilitate institutional arrangements for smallholder supply in developing countries: An agribusiness perspective

The industrialization of agriculture and the potential problem of small-scale farmer marginalization calls for a fresh approach to the design of agribusiness supply chain arrangements in developing countries. The objective of the paper is to contribute to a better understanding of institutional arrangements that can promote stable smallholder agribusiness contracting arrangements in a developing country context. A case study approach, incorporating a transaction cost framework, is used to test whether trust can significantly change the contract characteristics of supply. The results suggest that although the presence of trust can influence the contract characteristics of a supply arrangement, it may not be significant because of other factors in a developing country context. Bearing this in mind, a number of institutional arrangements are recommended in order to promote more stable contract conditions.     

标准化工作在技术监督工作中的基础地位

从质量监督、质量管理和ＱＣ小组活动入手,论述了标准对质量评定,质量监督、质量执法的影响和对建立完善质量体系、ＱＣ小组活动的全过程的作用,阐明了标准化工作在质量监督、质量管理等技术监督工作中的基础地位。     

环保要求与汽,柴油产品质量标准

经济发展带来的大气污染日趋严重,特别是在城市.大气污染的主要来源是机动车排气.为减少大气污染,仅着眼于机动车尾气处理是不够的,必须从污染源头即机动车所用燃料着手.因此,应该按照环境保护要求制定新的汽油和柴油产品质量标准.新的、环境友好汽油和柴油质量标准会对炼油工业的生产经营和技术开发产生重大影响.     

An Analysis of Assortment Choice in Grocery Retailing

Consumers in grocery retailing commonly buy bundles of products to accommodate current and future consumption. When all products in a particular bundle share common attributes (and are selected from the same product category), the consumer is said to assemble an assortment. This research examines the impact of assortment variety on the assortment choice process. In particular, we test the prediction that consumers demand less variety for higher quality items. To investigate this relationship, we employ a flexible choice model, suitable for the analysis of assortment choice. The model, based upon the assumption that the utility of purchase of one item in an assortment depends upon the set of items already selected, allows for a general utility structure across the assortment items. We apply the model to household assortment choice histories from the yogurt product category. Substantively, we show that yogurt choice is affected by brand quality perceptions (quality-tier competition). Moreover, we show that reaction to reductions in variety (number of yogurt flavors) is mediated by brand quality perceptions. Taken together, these empirical facts paint a picture of a consumer who is willing to trade-off variety against product quality in assortment choice.     

简析高职高专学生的特点及对策

高职高专学生是一个特殊的高等教育群体,其有着不同于其他高等教育群体的独特特点。本文以职业技术学院学生为对象,简单分析了高职高专学生的学习生活特点,以期发现他们在学习和生活中的优缺点,并且提出了相应的对策,从而达到提高学生社会适应性的目的。     

The nature and dynamics of counter-implementation in strategic marketing: a propositional inventory

This paper highlights the idea that a broader perspective is needed in research into barriers to marketing implementation. It is suggested that this broader perspective should take account of contextual and behavioural issues along with an acknowledgement of implementation as a process. The nature and dynamics of counter-implementation are introduced and a propositional inventory that explicates such behaviour as encompassing actions that may be both intentional and unintentional in nature is developed.These actions may occur at the individual and group level as they evolve over the implementation process and may be both constructive and destructive to organizational performance. Particular emphasis is given to intentional counter-implementation behaviour in terms of how it initiates, manifests and develops, gaining momentum through the transition from individual level action to collective action and, therefore,greater potential leverage for successfully sabotaging implementation efforts. The paper offers implications for management and a research agenda is proposed that highlights content, context and process perspectives for future research in this area, as well as potential methodologies for future research.     

Measurement and its Uses: Harmonization and Quality in Social Statistics

The European construction has induced a strong demand of harmonization of statistics of the various countries. The latter can be focused on an harmonization of outputs , already practised for a long time by national accountants: the statistical variables are defined in common, then each country measures them according to its own means. On the other hand, the harmonization of inputs, more ambitious, seeks a standardization of all the construction process and data collection. This leads to distinguish clearly the two moments of use and of production of economic and social statistics. Now the same distinction is made in the debates over the notion of quality of statistics, which contrast the quality of the product with the one of the process. This quality cannot be judged independently from the expected uses of these statistics and of their form of social credibility. From this point of view, the various harmonization levels are compared with the various forms of connection and convertibility between the national currencies.     

谈写作教学中的素质教育

素质教育是以提高学习的整体素质为根本目的的教育。在写作教学中的素质教育应体现在写作理论知识讲授、优秀作品阅读赏析、思维能力及写作能力的训练和培养等方面，进而提高学生的思想水平、思维品质和作及表现能力。     

“传感器”精品课程的实践教学方法研究

“传感器”精品课程建设是传感器课程教学质量与教学改革的重要平台，探索“传感器”实践教学的自身特点和规律，以现代科学技术的发展和市场经济建设的需求为视角。教学过程中注重通专结合的工程师素质训练，加强学生综合实践能力培养，通过体现课程实验和有感活动特征对传感器教学内容和实验方式进行有意义的尝试和改进，并在规范教学的基础上寻求新的突破，提出了与实际工程对象相结合的教学方法并获得效果。     

出口灯具产品在IEC60598系列标准检验中的常见问题与分析

本文通过对2008年度和2009上半年在广东出入境检验检疫局报检的灯具产品具体情况进行统计,介绍了各类产品中的常见问题,并结合新版标准IEC60598-1：2003＋A1：2006对这些问题进行分析以及提出相应的解决方法。