Panel data methods for fractional response variables with an application to test pass rates

We revisit the effects of spending on student performance using data from the state of Michigan. In addition to exploiting a dramatic change in funding in the mid-1990s and subsequent nonsmooth changes, we propose nonlinear panel data models that recognize the bounded nature of the pass rate. Importantly, we show how to estimate average partial effects, which can be compared across many different models (linear and nonlinear) under different assumptions and estimated using many different methods. We find that spending has nontrivial and statistically significant effects, although the diminishing effect is not especially pronounced.     

Analysing passenger behaviour towards the catering industry: Implications for airport management

This research note seeks to provide the most detailed analysis yet of passenger behaviour towards the airport catering industry. With the broadest sample to date among similar studies, namely 37,000 passengers surveyed at 8 different airports with 38 explanatory variables, a large number of conclusions have been drawn. The most important of these is that the factors that most influence a passenger's using a catering establishment during his/her stay at an airport are his/her physiological needs and social reasons. However, contrary to what was anticipated a priori, socioeconomic status only has a moderate influence, while having a wide range and variety of foodstuffs on offer does not result in passengers consuming more. It is also observed that low-cost airline passengers consume less than those of traditional airlines, probably due to the stress related to boarding with these types of airlines.     

Formation of interdependent regional trade agreements and production networks

Production networks (PNs) can be defined as a determinant of trade partnership. Deepening PNs may generate positive welfare effects and lead to a proliferation in the formation of interdependent regional trade agreements (RTAs). This paper theoretically develops the link between PNs and the formation of RTAs and empirically investigates the link by applying a qualitative choice model estimation methodology (probit) with panel data that covers bilateral country‐pairs among 147 countries between 2000 and 2010. We find that the RTA formation has been strongly driven by deepening PNs between members as well as with third countries. We also find that production network‐driven RTA interdependence is member specific.     

独善其身还是兼济天下?——中国居民再分配偏好的实证研究

再分配偏好的提高反映出民众对当前收入分配状况的不满,本文致力于从个人利益和分配公平两个角度对中国居民的再分配偏好进行解释。根据Roemer的理论,本文从成功可控性的角度构造了反映居民分配公平观念的变量,并采用中国综合社会调查(2006)的微观调查数据和Ordered Probit模型,研究发现,个人利益论和分配公平论在中国都能得到实证支持,即中国居民的再分配偏好不但存在对自身利益的考虑,也有显著的追求分配公平的动机;同时,性别和受教育程度也是影响居民再分配偏好的因素。进一步分析表明上述结论具有良好的稳健性。总之,确保机会均等、维护分配公平对于降低居民再分配偏好具有十分重要的现实意义。     

转型经济国家汇率制度选择对金融稳定的影响——基于Probit模型和Logit模型的测算

文章以26个转型经济国家为样本建立Probit模型和Logit模型,将金融危机发生概率与本国的汇率制度进行实证分析。模型稳定,定量变量、固定变量和控制变量都比较显著,尤其是文章考察的重点——2个固定变量。结果表明,同时期在三种汇率制度类型中,固定汇率制度发生金融危机的概率最小。因此转型经济国家当前应该选择固定汇率制度,稳定国内金融环境。     

JOB MOBILITY IN BRITAIN: ARE THE SCOTS DIFFERENT? EVIDENCE FROM THE BHPS†

The Scottish extension‐sample of the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) is used to shed light on differences in job mobility patterns in England and Scotland for both men and women. Based on probit estimates of the overall mobility rate, a new decomposition technique is applied to distinguish between explained and unexplained differences. Furthermore, exploiting data on the number of job changes, a zero inflated Poisson model is estimated to provide information on possible differences in the expected number of job changes. Overall, there is evidence that suggests significant differences in mobility patterns south and north of the Borders; however, this is confined to men. Yet, whether this suffices to justify a heterogeneous regional labour market remains to be seen.     

人民币均衡汇率错位对进出口的影响——基于协整理论和二元选择模型的实证分析

本文基于协整理论,运用单位根检验、二步法、误差修正模型和二元选择Probit和Logit模型,对人民币均衡汇率错位对进、出口的影响进行了实证分析。本文的创新之处：在模型中引入了反映我国“二元经济结构”特征的三个控制变量——工农业对GDP的贡献度之差,城乡居民家庭恩格尔系数之差,第一产业和第二产业人口构成之差参与回归检验,显著性很强,使得模型更可信和稳定。结论表明：人民币均衡汇率错位对进、出口均有不同程度的负面影响,对进口的负面影响稍大于出口;人民币均衡汇率错位对进口向长期均衡水平的调整比出口更加有利;人民币均衡汇率高估错位幅度越大,越有利于进口;低估错位幅度越大,越有利于出口。     

基于供给侧的承包经营权抵押贷款需求与可获性研究——以常州市武进区为例

以全国农村改革试验区的新型农业经营主体作为研究对象,以多项Probit模型估计作为主要研究方法,对承包经营权抵押贷款需求与可获性的影响因素、存在联系进行分析。研究结果表明：目前的农地承包经营权抵押贷款存在着处于制度探索阶段的内部微观供求结构错位和外部宏观供求平衡特征的小范围均衡。无论是需求还是可获性都受经营者教育水平、家庭年总收入和土地规模的影响,人们可以从这三方面入手进一步实现需求与可获性的均衡。最后,基于供给侧结构性改革思路为经营权抵押的改革试验提出了针对性的政策建议。     

农户过量施肥风险认知及环境友好型技术采纳行为的影响因素分析*——基于四川省380个柑橘种植户的调查

[目的]化肥过量使用造成的污染,已成为制约我国农业和农村可持续发展的重要因素,如何科学合理施肥,提高化肥利用效率已成为我国急需解决的问题。[方法]文章利用四川省12个区县380户柑橘种植户的实地调研数据,运用双变量Probit模型分析柑橘种植户过量施肥风险认知与环境友好型技术采纳行为的影响因素。[结果]柑橘种植农户对过量施肥风险的认知和测土配方技术采纳行为之间存在相关性;文化程度高、柑橘种植收入占家庭总收入的比例大、种植面积大、种植年限长、对"三品"农产品的认知水平高和接受过技术培训的柑橘农户,对过量施肥风险存在一定的认知;在具备上述特征的基础上,外出务工劳动力占比低的农户和新型经营主体更愿意采纳测土配方施肥技术。[结论]通过校地合作、"三品"认证、市场规范、制定生产标准等措施,提高柑橘种植户过量施肥风险认知,促使测土配方施肥技术的采纳,合理施肥,提高化肥利用率,促进我国农业可持续发展。     

基于行为决策理论的宅基地退出影响因素分析——甘肃省654户调查数据的实证

文章根据甘肃省654户农户问卷调查数据,基于行为决策理论,运用Probit模型和结构方程模型揭示了农户宅基地退出的影响因素。研究结果表明:农户的文化程度差异、是否在外非农务工、是否有城镇户口等自身特征的不同,会使他们对退出宅基地的态度产生差异;农户的从众示范效应和退出宅基地后不确定性风险对农户宅基地退出意愿影响最大,是影响农户退出宅基地意愿的主导因素;宅基地的禀赋效应也显著影响农户宅基地退出。相关政策建议:(1)从社保、就业和宅基地退出后生活支出三个方面减少农户宅基地退出后的不确定性风险,从而消除其宅基地退出后顾之忧;(2)利用农户的从众示范效应分批退出;(3)采取多样化的退出补偿方式。