从自由竞争权到公平竞争权——市场主体竞争权的现代性话语

市场主体的竞争权经历了从自由竞争权到公平竞争权的发展历程。公平竞争权是指市场主体在经济竞争过程中所享有的开展自由、公平竞争的权利,它是竞争自由与竞争公平的统一体,是竞争法的基石范畴,是一项具有社会法性质的权利。由于我国现阶段市场主体公平竞争权缺失,为了实现竞争权的成功转型,需要由竞争法明确赋予市场主体以公平竞争权。     

车位的法律属性及其产权界定

伴随商品房的开发,有关车位的归属问题的纠纷不断涌现。而理论界有关车位的归属问题亦存有诸多争议。《中华人民共和国物权法》虽然对于车位的归属问题进行了界定,但尚有不周全之嫌。欲界定车位的归属问题,应当首先明确车位的法律地位。本文结合我国《物权法》的相关规定,对于不同情形下车位的法律属性进行探讨;同时,针对车位不同的法律属性,分别探究车位的归属问题。     

Law, state power, and taxation in Islamic history

The ruler's power varied greatly in Islamic history over time and space. We explain these variations through a political economy approach to public finance, identifying factors affecting economic power and its constraints. An influential interest group capable of affecting the ruler's power was the legal community (‘ulamā’). This community could increase the ruler's ability to extract a surplus from the citizenry by conferring legitimacy, thereby lowering the cost of collecting taxes. It could also limit power through legal constraints on taxation. We show how changes in legitimacy and legal constraints affected the economic power of rulers in representative episodes of Islamic history and identify general trends and dynamic processes underlying the relationship between the state and the legal community.     

Statistical Regularity and Free Will: L.A.J. Quetelet and P.A. Nekrasov

In the 19th century, causes of empirically observed stability of averages in settings relating to human behaviour were a topic of intense discussion in western Europe. This followed an extensive study of empirical stability by the founder of modern statistics (and of the International Statistical Institute) L.A.J. Quetelet, published in 1835, in what he called "Social Physics". The eminent mathematician of strong probabilistic and philosophical inclination and Russian Orthodox religious belief, P.A. Nekrasov, took up and modified Quetelet's Social Physics in 1902, with (social) independence seen as prime cause of statistical regularity. Our paper focuses on the role free will plays in the statistical writings of Quetelet and of Nekrasov. The work of the latter has remained little known in general, mainly for politico-ideological reasons.     

对新时期我国体育法制建设思考

我国体育法制建设在推动体育事业健康发展的过程中发挥了重要作用,但与体育领域迅猛发展的现实相比已显滞后,问题日益凸显。通过对《体育法》的五点突出问题,即立法指导思想的相对滞后,实施缺乏可操作性,重心不均衡,配套的法律缺失,法律责任体系不完整进行分析,并提出相应的完善措施,为我国体育法制建设提供了理论论证。     

《食品安全法》解读及其对食品行业的影响分析

食品安全直接关系广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,关系国民经济的健康发展和社会的和谐稳定。文章首先解读了《食品安全法》涉及的八大制度及其主要内容,提出了法律实施的具体措施,其次从经济学的微观角度分析了《食品安全法》的实施对食品行业的影响,最后论述了食品企业对《食品安全法》的战略回应。     

论导致我国农民贫困问题的制度性因素

新时期,我国农村地区贫困出现了新的动向,传统的扶贫机制和方式逐渐显露出弊端,已不适应形势的发展。溯根求源,是我们的相关制度存在一些问题,才导致扶贫工作的缺陷和农民发展能力的不足。     

Currency under War Communism: An example of Gresham's Law?

This article covers the consequences of the Bolsheviks' coup d'état in 1917 for the Soviet monetary system. I argue that the episode illustrates Gresham's Law, as three different currencies made an appearance in the Russian economy. This monetary disorder is scarcely mentioned by Marxist authors. It was a failure that would be mitigated by the subsequent New Economic Policy, an amendment to the Bolshevist War Communism programme of nationalisation and intervention in the economy.     

我国逆向物流的发展现状浅析

近年来,逆向物流受到了企业界和理论界越来越多的重视与研究。逆向物流作为物流的一个重要组成部分,对国家,社会的经济、资源、环境等有着重大的影响。文中阐述了逆向物流的概念、成因及类型,对我国逆向物流发展现状进行分析,以求找到一条适合我国逆向物流发展的和谐之路。     

美国反垄断法的经济分析

反垄断法是法律与经济的融合。美国反垄断法自诞生以来,其理论和实践一直受到法律及经济学理论发展的影响。文章对美国反垄断法规制的垄断行为、固定价格、价格歧视,企业合并等违法行为及其实施趋向进行了深入地分析,指出经济效率是美国反垄断法的首要价值目标,反垄断法的实施日益关注新经济条件下的创新问题。