人口—经济—空间视角的东北城市化空间分异研究

城市化是一个"人口—经济—空间"三维一体的过程——其中人是行为主体,经济是驱动力,空间是载体,据此构建城市化综合测度指标,运用均方差赋权法,对东北34个地级市城市化水平进行综合测度,并运用自然断裂法进行空间表达,结果表明东北地区城市化具有如下特征:①人口、经济、空间及其综合城市化水平空间分异明显,其中经济城市化的空间分异程度最为明显,且主导着人口、空间城市化的演变,但效益不是最佳;②综合城市化水平表明东北地区正处于城市化的加速发展阶段;③人口、经济和空间城市化的空间吻合性较差,其中经济城市化呈现出由南往北依次递减的趋势,而人口城市化呈黑龙江省>辽宁省>吉林省,空间城市化的规律性不明显;④哈大铁路沿线城市其经济、空间及综合城市化空间演变趋势相同——由南往北依次递减,而人口城市化恰好相反,即由南往北依次递增;⑤基于城市化视角的城市群发育程度表现出辽中南城市群>哈长城市群的特征。对东北地区城市化发展道路具有重要的指导意义和实践价值。     

A grey decision and prediction model for investment in the core competitiveness of product development

Because enterprises do not disclose their internal specific cost information to the public and, moreover, every firm has its own product character and financial constitutions, it is difficult to offer fixed guidelines for investment decisions. Thus, an enterprise may be uncertain when required to choose the most promising set of possible investments.The goal of this research is to use a grey relation analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to probe the core product development and competitiveness of an enterprise from limited data and, furthermore, by constructing the grey model, GM(1,1), to validate the feasibility of this assessment of the core competitiveness and investment strategy. In this study, a precision mechanical manufacturer is taken as an example, and the forecast estimate from this method is compared to those of a linear regression and the actual values to demonstrate the feasibility of applying this methodology to investment decision making, hence, demonstrating the value of this research.     

我国人口流动与中央财政转移支付相对力度的区域差异分析

为了缩小东中西部地区的发展差距,中央财政加大了对中西部地区的转移支付力度,但在促进区域经济发展收敛和实现地区财政均等化方面其效果如何,文章试图从一种新的视角加以分析与诠释。改革开放以来大规模的人口跨地区流动,特别是年轻劳动力从中西部地区向发达的东部地区流动,改变了各地区的人口结构和总扶养比,进而影响中央财政转移支付的实际效果。研究结果表明,由于西部地区总扶养比高于东部地区,中央财政对西部地区的转移支付相对力度反而低于东部地区。文章最后提出将地区人口负担差异纳入中央财政预算分析体系,通过增加中央财政对经济落后地区的转移支付促进地区经济增长收敛和提高地区财政帮扶的实效性。     

中美汽车产业内贸易实证分析

产业内贸易水平越来越成为一国对外贸易竞争力及产业国际竞争力的一项重要指标。近年来,尽管中美汽车贸易发展迅速,但产业内贸易水平却较低。根据联合国商品贸易数据库数据,估算中美汽车产业内贸易指数,考察中美汽车产业内贸易的发展程度,剖析中美汽车产业内贸易的特征。研究得出:中国的产业内贸易总额超过产业间贸易,但产业内贸易水平仍低于美国;中美汽车产业内贸易产品的平均出口单价较低,平均进口单价较高,中国政府应引导汽车企业增大技术投入、引进国际领先技术、加强技术创新与产品研发。     

西方对外直接投资理论的演进及评述

对外直接投资反映了一个经济体中某一居民实体(直接投资者)在另一经济体的某一企业(直接投资企业)中获得永久利益的目的,同时这种永久利益意味着直接投资者和直接投资企业之间存在着一种长期的关系以及对该企业的管理产生了重大影响。西方学者对该问题的研究主要按照三条路径演进:渐进的演化路径、间断的演化路径和经过临界点的演化路径。本文主要将西方对外直接投资理论中目前引用率较高的观点分别按照其演进方式进行归纳、介绍和评价,认为有必要在学习西方对外直接投资理论的基础上,结合我国的经济实践,建立适合中国国情的对外直接投资理论。     

Strategies to offset dissatisfactory product performance: The role of post-purchase marketing

This research examines the role of post-purchase recovery initiatives in offsetting the negative effect of a dissatisfactory product experience. Experiment 1 explores the effect of counterfactual thinking, a mental simulation process of reflecting upon past events and generating alternative possible outcomes, on product evaluations after an individual experiences a negative purchase outcome. Experiment 2 builds on these findings and shows how customer surveys can be used as tactical tools to boost post-purchase product evaluations. The results indicate that post-purchase marketing efforts, such as customer surveys, can engage consumers in counterfactual thinking and positively affect their product evaluations.     

To Justify or Not to Justify: The Role of Anticipated Regret on Consumers’ Decisions to Upgrade Technological Innovations

Prior research suggests that adoption decisions are primarily based on product features and experiential opportunities, like trial and observation. Our research follows inquiries that identify anticipated regret (AR) as an emotion integral to consumer decision making. Prior research and current retailing practice assume that AR can be alleviated by compelling product attribute-based rationales for immediate purchase. These rationales often take the form of direct attribute comparisons between the current best and the future technologies. Counter-intuitively, we find that giving consumers attribute-based justifications for immediate purchase produces a uniform level of AR and purchase delay regardless of the perceived rate of innovation (PRI). However, under conditions of low PRI and no justification, AR decreases significantly. A clear implication of our findings is that firms marketing current technology should not rush to provide consumers with justifications for immediate upgrade since such communications will remind consumers of what they might miss if they adopt now, resulting in increased AR and purchase delays. Instead, we suggest that retailers focus promotional efforts on highlighting the hedonic benefits consumers experience by adopting today.     

基于双边视角的零售商运营研究

供应商的多样化和差异化,是零售平台的普遍特征。不同于源于供应商多样化的组间网络效应,源于差异化的供应商对顾客的边际组间网络效应是递减的,同时带来供应商间的负的竞争效应。研究发现,随差异化竞争的供应商数量增长,零售商对供应商的组间网络效应补贴下降,并向供应商收取源于差异化竞争的价格加成,限制差异化竞争的供应商数量。供应商间的差异化度越低,最优的差异化供应商数量越少。零售商在供应商多样化和差异化之间权衡选择的差异,形成零售商服务的差异化,有利于缓和零售商间的竞争。     

Strategies to reduce product proliferation

Major problems associated with product proliferation include higher production, inventory, and record-keeping costs; increased expenses associated with trade promotions and slotting fees; added consumer confusion and stress; and increased susceptibility to stockouts. This article describes how a firm can limit product proliferation without incurring reduced sales or lowering consumer loyalty. An effective product proliferation reduction program needs to be based on several principles: resisting the temptation of asking consumers if a greater assortment is required; classifying goods into consumer behavior-based tiers; using interfunctional product pruning teams; practicing mass customization, where appropriate; placing absolute limits on product choice; and implementing effective strategies for product pruning.     

The different roles of product originality and usefulness in generating word-of-mouth

This paper explores how the dimensions of new products, specifically, the originality and usefulness of the products, influence word-of-mouth (WOM). In four studies, using lab and field setups, we find that originality and usefulness have different effects on WOM. We show that consumers spread more WOM about original products, but the valence of what they say depends on the usefulness of the product. Therefore, originality enhances the effect of usefulness such that consumers spread relatively more and more positively valenced WOM about original and useful products compared to less original but equally useful products. Conversely, consumers spread more and more negatively valenced WOM about original products that are not useful compared to less original products with the same level of low usefulness. The results indicate that product originality should be managed carefully when developing and positioning new products. Although originality increases buzz, it might lead to negatively valenced WOM when the usefulness of the product is perceived to be low.