When do product architectures mirror organisational architectures? The combined role of product complexity and the rate of technological change

In the modularity literature, an architectural decomposition and ‘mirroring’ between task boundaries, knowledge boundaries, and firm boundaries has been suggested as a way to enhance managerial efficiency and as a source of potential strategic advantage. Despite its intuitive appeal, empirical support for ‘mirroring’ is significant but mixed. In this paper, we utilise an industrial economics and knowledge-based perspective to hypothesise how the combined effects of product architecture type, product complexity and the rate of product component change may influence task, knowledge and firm boundaries and hence be associated with either phases of mirroring or non-mirroring (‘misting’). We suggest that whether mirroring or misting is an efficient strategic choice is influenced by the characteristics of both the product architecture and the rate of technological change at the product component level, and changes across time as products evolve. Our framework helps to reconcile existing mixed evidence and provides the foundation for further empirical research.     

考虑革新程度认知差异的新产品技术授权研究

建立博弈模型，探讨技术革新认知差异情形下，外部技术创新者向寡占竞争格局的生产企业授权生产新产品专利的最优决策问题。研究发现，创新授权者关于新产品市场的认知劣势使固定收费契约不具备完全优于特许权收费契约的绝对优势；在双重收费契约下，专利人授权对象选择因认知差异影响，由排他性授权向非排他性授权决策转变；认知差异性削弱了创新企业市场势力，从而提高特许权收费契约优势，而拍卖、股权投资等有助于创新企业克服认知劣势。据此，建议创新企业明晰创新专利长期回报，综合搭配应用多种授权契约；以非排他性授权策略配合特许权收费、双重收费和股权投资等契约模式，实现技术交易产业链激励共容下的利润最大化，促进技术创新传播应用，提高社会福利水平。     

Do low involved brands have better consumer perception due to product placement in emerging markets?

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the product placement in the film on purchase intention, attitude and change in perception. For this study, we selected recently released film and interviewed the film goers after he came out of the theatre through intercept technique. The products have improved brand recall, perception, and brand recommendation, ‘feeling’ towards brands, association and purchase intentions which are our dependent variables in our study. Brand image, country image, value for money and culture affects these dependent variables as per our present study. Low involved products get more mileage from product placement. The effect of product placement in low and high involved brand is explained for the first time through application alternative hierarchy’s theory of Ray et al., Theory of Hovland et al. and Gestalt theory of familiarity. Our paper bridges the gap between theory and practice by suggesting improvement in product placement in non –traditional media like film.     

经营期望落差是否促进了企业探索性创新

经营期望落差是大部分企业可能面临的问题，但这种情况能否激发企业探索性创新尚无定论。以2013—2018年A股制造业高新技术企业数据为样本，对企业经营期望落差与探索性创新关系，以及产品市场竞争和技术多样性对于二者的调节效应进行检验。实证结果表明：经营期望落差往往会抑制企业探索性创新；产品市场竞争、技术多样性在经营期望落差和探索性创新间起显著负向调节作用，即促进经营期望落差状态下企业探索性创新；产品市场竞争和技术多样性之间存在联合情境效应，相比于低强度的市场竞争，激烈的产品市场竞争更能增强技术多样性对于经营期望落差和探索性创新关系的调节作用。结论对于深入理解业绩落差与探索性创新之间的关系，探究企业创新策略选择制约因素具有一定意义。     

A Packaging Visual-Gustatory Correspondence Effect: Using Visual Packaging Design to Influence Flavor Perception and Healthy Eating Decisions

Visual elements of packaging design serve as a powerful, cost-efficient tool for manufacturers and retailers alike to communicate sensory features of the product to consumers and influence their consumption behaviors. Based on studies of packaging design, cross-modal correspondences, and food science, this research establishes a “packaging visual-gustatory correspondence effect” whereby the image of a food product placed at the bottom (vs. top) of the package façade enhances consumers’ expectations (Study 1A) and actual perceptions (Study 1B) of the food’s flavor heaviness. Further, this effect carries over to help consumers make healthier eating decisions such as eating less of the food (Study 2) and subsequently choosing a healthier snack (Study 3). This research also shows that the packaging visual-gustatory correspondence effect is moderated by consumers’ processing style such that those who engage in holistic (vs. analytic) processing are more affected by the location of the food image on the package façade (Study 4). Our theoretically novel findings are also conducive to addressing the self-control dilemma: The location of the food image on the package façade can serve to increase flavor perception but decrease consumption quantity.     

新产品开发成功因素的文献综述与研究展望

新产品开发是现代企业经营的重要环节,而影响新产品开发成功的因素有很多。首先讨论了新产品开发成功因素的研究角度;然后从个性因素、组织因素、环境因素三大方面对新产品开发成功因素进行了文献回顾;在此基础上提出了未来的研究方向:团队领导的个性对NPD绩效的影响、集成客户的跨组织边界的整合是否以及如何对NPD绩效进行影响、NPD成功的文化因子具体有哪些等。     

知识产权保护与我国进口贸易结构转变

从知识产权保护角度解释了我国进口贸易结构的转变。知识产权保护通过市场扩张效应、市场垄断效应及不同类型产品对知识产权保护敏感度的差异影响了进口贸易结构。省际面板数据的实证发现,知识产权保护水平的提高能带来高新技术产品进口的增加,进而优化我国进口贸易的产品结构,但对高新技术产品进口的影响存在区域差异,不平衡的知识产权保护政策进一步加重了东、中、西部发展的不平衡。     

企业间多元关系对新产品开发的影响——基于权力使用的视角

权力使用贯穿于渠道成员间联系的始末,是为了使交易伙伴更好满足自身需求、实现经营目标而采取的手段。分析了两类权力使用(强制性、非强制性)的不同特征,以及其对渠道成员间竞争与合作程度和后续新产品开发绩效的影响作用。丰富了权力使用与渠道成员间竞争合作程度、新产品开发绩效的关系研究,对渠道成员更好地选择权力使用、管理渠道关系、维持持续性竞争优势具有一定的指导意义。     

我国“一村一品”发展成效评价

本文基于对我国"一村一品"发展成效的系统认识,综合运用指标分解法、层次分析法、期望值法和综合值法,构建了尽可能全面反映农业生产能力、社会服务水平、生态保障水平、农民收入水平和农村经济贡献的评价指标体系,评价了2006—2008年我国30个省、市、自治区的"一村一品"发展成效。最后结合东部地区"一村一品"发展效果明显优于中部、西部地区的结论及其影响因素,提出了各级政府应加强规划引导、完善调查统计工作等建议。     

知识合作模式与产品价值构成要素研究——企业合作创新研究的新视角

知识经济时代,企业合作创新的重要特征就是基于知识的合作。知识合作能够创造产品价值是企业合作创新的根本动因。通过把企业知识合作分为知识供应链、知识集聚、知识嫁接3种模式,并结合企业具体的合作活动进行分析,探索了不同的知识合作模式所产生的效应;在构建产品价值构成要素模型的基础上,阐明了3种知识合作模式中新知识的产生对产品价值构成要素的作用,以及知识合作剩余的来源。