环境约束下中国区域工业技术效率与生产率及其影响因素实证研究

本文运用方向性距离函数和曼奎斯特-卢恩伯格指数方法测算了环境约束下中国1998--2007年各地区工业技术效率、全要素生产率指数和环境规制成本,并对影响技术效率和全要素生产率增长的因素进行了实证分析。结果显示：环境技术效率呈现东、中、西依次递减,并且技术效率越高的地区,环境管制成本越低;考虑环境因素后,中国各地区工业全要素生产率指数降低,主要是由技术进步推动;环境约束下工业全要素生产率东部最高,西部次之,中部最低;人均GRP、FDI、工业结构、能源结构、人口密度对技术效率和全要素生产率有不同程度的影响。     

国际技术溢出与我国生产率的变化：基于FDI和进口渠道的研究

本文利用1990—2007年的省际面板数据,在测算我国省际全要素生产率及其变化的基础上,分析了基于FDI和进口渠道的国际技术溢出对我国全要素生产率的影响。研究表明,通过外商直接投资和进口的技术溢出均显著地促进了我国生产率的增长,但随着FDI和进口额的增加,其对生产率增长的促进作用是递减的。人力资本对提高生产率,加快生产率增长速度均具有显著的促进作用。本文最后提出了相应的政策建议。     

Assessing multi-dimensional performance: environmental and economic outcomes

This study examines economic performance, environmental performance, and regulatory activity for plants in three industries: pulp and paper, oil, and steel. Stochastic frontier production function models show significant deviations from production efficiency. Older plants are less efficient in production, but perform no worse on emissions. Plants spending more on pollution abatement tend to do worse on both production efficiency and emissions. Stricter local regulatory pressure is associated with somewhat lower emissions, but has mixed effects on production efficiency. Positive correlations between SUR residuals for emissions and production efficiency suggest unmeasured plant-level characteristics that drive both economic and environmental performance.

Externalities, efficiency, regulation, and productivity growth in the U.S. electric utility industry

This paper examines the decomposition of total factor productivity growth for firms subject to regulation, given the production of a bad output. The production of good and bad outputs provides benefits and costs to society. Corporate socially responsible firms recognize the cost to society of producing the bad output. The paper separates the production technology and regulation effects from both the scale and technical change components. The paper also examines the measurement and decomposition of productivity growth when not accounting for production of the bad output. Using a 1992–2000 panel of 34 U.S. investor-owned electric utilities, results indicate that improvements in the scale, efficiency change, and technical change components contributed to positive growth. Not accounting for production of the bad output led to, on average, an overestimation of both the rate of productivity growth, and the contributions of scale economies and technical change to changes in productivity growth.

Corporate governance,globalization and firm productivity

We examine the relationship between globalization, corporate governance and firm productivity. The results, using longitudinal data from Korea, indicate that the positive effect of liberalising equity ownership on firms’ total factor productivity (TFP) was reinforced by indirect managerial effects when a firm improved its corporate governance. Our findings also confirm that the interaction of the managerial effect with increased foreign equity ownership is more significant than interaction with exports, suggesting that liberalising foreign investment in the host market is more effective in capitalising on the potential benefits of corporate governance reform than increasing exports to overseas markets, reflected in learning by exporting.     

对外贸易与技术扩散：一个文献综述

新增长理论表明,技术进步已成为影响一国经济增长的关键因素。而一国的技术进步不仅取决于本国的技术创新能力,对国外技术的模仿、吸收并再创新,也是一个重要渠道。随着各国对外贸易不断发展,越来越多的研究发现,国际贸易已经成为国际技术扩散的重要途径。文章主要综述基于国际贸易的技术进步效应及其影响因素,揭示该领域的研究状况,并做简要评介。     

国家高新区设立能够提升城市全要素生产率吗？——基于261个地级市TFP分解数据的路径分析

国家高新区是培育经济增长新动能，实现区域经济高质量发展的重要政策载体，文章利用2001-2014年我国261个城市面板数据，通过渐进双重差分法研究国家高新区设立对城市全要素生产率的影响。研究发现：研究期内国家高新区的设立对城市全要素生产率造成显著的负面影响；从TFP的分解项来看，高新区设立促进了所在城市规模效率提高，却抑制了技术进步和技术效率提高；异质性分析结果表明上述作用具有显著城市等级异质性，在高行政等级城市设立高新区对城市全要素生产率具有促进作用。进一步运用工业企业数据库、微观土地转让数据、城市专利数据等进行机制分析发现，企业间资源错配和土地价格扭曲降低了技术效率，而技术创新下降和产业升级钝化是抑制技术进步的主要机制。     

Effects of broadband availability on total factor productivity in service sector firms: Evidence from Ireland

While broadband is widely believed to augment productivity, there is little firm-level evidence of a generalised causal effect. In this paper we examine whether the introduction of digital subscriber line (DSL) broadband services increased firms' productivity in nine sub-sectors within the services and distribution sector in Ireland from 2006 to 2012. Firm-level panel data on firms' characteristics are linked to spatial information on the rollout of DSL. While we do not find significant productivity effects in the services sectors taken together, we do find positive and significant effects on firm's total factor productivity in Information & Communication and Administrative & Support Services.     

Foreign investment regulation and firm productivity: Granular evidence from Indonesia

When regulating foreign direct investment (FDI), countries often face a trade-off between pursuing national policy interests and suffering efficiency losses due to FDI restrictions. We demonstrate the presence of this trade-off in the case of a protectionist FDI policy in Indonesia. Using a yearly census of Indonesian manufacturing firms from 2000 to 2015, we link product-level changes in binding FDI regulation due to major regulatory tightening to changes in firm-level productivity. Controlling for an extensive set of fixed effects as well as potential political economy drivers of regulation, we show that a tightening of the regulatory environment was successful in reducing foreign capital reliance among regulated firms, and led to increases in FDI among non-regulated firms producing the same product. Despite compensating increases in domestic capital, regulated firms experienced relative productivity losses. This points towards either a less efficient allocation of domestic capital or a general inferiority of domestic capital as compared to foreign investments.