A hybrid parallel genetic algorithm for yard crane scheduling

This paper aims at postulating a novel strategy in terms of yard crane scheduling. In this study, a dynamic scheduling model using objective programming for yard cranes is initially developed based on rolling-horizon approach. To resolve the NP-complete problem regarding the yard crane scheduling, a hybrid algorithm, which employs heuristic rules and parallel genetic algorithm (PGA), is then employed. Then a simulation model is developed for evaluating this approach. Finally, numerical experiments on a specific container terminal yard are used for system illustration. Computational results suggest that the proposed method is able to solve the problem efficiently.     

Cognitive Theory and Moral Behavior: The Contribution of F. A. Hayek to Business Ethics

This paper shows how business ethics as a concept may be approached from a cognitive viewpoint. Following F. A. Hayek's cognitive theory, I argue that moral behavior evolves and changes because of individual perception and action. Individual moral behavior becomes a moral rule when prominently displayed by members of a certain society in a specific situation. A set of moral rules eventually forms the ethical code of a society, of which business ethics codes are only a part. By focusing on the concept of "limited" or "dispersed knowledge" that underlies the cognitive approach, I show that universal ethical norms that should lead to defined outcomes cannot exist. This approach moreover shows the limits of deliberate rule-setting. Attempts to deliberately impose universal ethical rules on societies may turn out to be harmful for societal development and lead to an abuse of governmental power.     

A note on Bossert,Pattanaik and Xu's “Choice under complete uncertainty: axiomatic characterization of some decision rules”

Summary. Recent work by Bossert, Pattanaik and Xu provides axiomatic characterizations of some decision rules for individual decision making under complete uncertainty. This note shows that, in the case of two of these rules, they do not satisfy one of the axioms used for their characterization. A counterexample illustrating this fact is provided, as well as an alternative way to characterize the two rules under consideration, mantaining as far as possible the original axioms proposed by Bossert, Pattanaik and Xu. Received: November 3, 2000; revised version: March 1, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" I am grateful for the encouragement and support of Professor Prasanta Pattanaik. I thank also the suggestions of two anonymous referees. This work was made during an academic visit to the Department of Economics of the University of California in Riverside (UCR). The visit was possible thanks to an invitation by the UCR and the financial support of the Public University of Navarra, the Government of Navarra, and the CICYT (SEC96-0858).     

《六书故》引申规律及其影响

关于引申规律的探讨,世人多推许清代学者段玉裁的《说文解字注》,并从中归纳出众多类型。《六书故》是宋元之际戴侗所著的一部字书。本文从《六书故》中找出相应的例证,以说明早于《段注》几百年的《六书故》已能反映和描述这些引申规律。从而说明《六书故》在词义引申规律方面的探讨对后代产生了深远的影响。     

“默示同意”：合理博弈与不完善制度——郑百文重组过程中表决规则的经济学分析

当主持者对表决方式有选择余地时,那么他会根据自己的偏好,直接或间接影响表决结果,这是无法避免的,是在现有制度下的一种合理博弈,是有效的。如果他本身就是博弈的一方,则更会充分利用这种影响。而主持人对议案内容的偏好是广泛存在的,不可能通过消除偏好来消除影响。但是如果加强民主和监督,使主持者的选择余地尽可能缩小,即他只能选择社会承认的最优的“公平”规则才符合他自己的成本－－收益平衡,那么这样就使个人的最优选择与社会的最优选择一致,提供了制度上的改进办法。而在未有更高程度的民主和更有效的监督制度之前,只能容忍在现有制度内的博弈行为。所以,只有通过进一步加强民主和健全法制,进行表决规则的制度建设,才有可能得到更优化和更真实的表决结果。     

上市公司反收购中的章程应用及法律规制

公司章程是公司的宪章性文件，是公司实现自治的重要手段。在上市公司收购中，目标公司通常通过公司章程的修订，在其中置入相应的反收购条款，以防止或者抵制敌意收购。由于我国的公司、证券法律法规对上市公司反收购问题规定的相对欠缺，导致实践中利用公司章程实施反收购出现失范的情况较为明显。本文尝试分析如何在现行法律框架内对利用公司章程实施反收购的行为进行有效规制，并提出相应的政策建议。     

中国经济的发展阶段研究

经济发展是指随着经济增长而出现的经济、社会和政治结构的变化。本文将经济发展研究分成收入、城市化、产业、消费和科技五个方面,运用多种参数指标,立足世界经济的未来与过去,得出我国经济发展的阶段、特点和规律。作者根据国内外关于一国经济发展阶段和中国发展阶段的现实,选择工业化和城市化作为核心指标,对比美国经济发展历程,得出我国经济发展处于“工业化和城市化‘双中期’区间”的判断;并在此基础上分析了“‘双中期’区间”最新时点的关键特征;概括出我国经济发展的双重性规律,提出了中国经济发展战略思路及政策建议。     

商业银行人力资源管理中的潜规则及其运用

潜规则与显规则一起渗透在商业银行人力资源管理一系列活动的各个环节,成为指导、左右并决定每一环节活动顺利进行和成功实现其目标的关键因素.同时,潜规则在商业银行人力资源管理中的表现多种多样,其功能发挥与约束条件不同于显规则.由此,在商业银行人力资源管理实践中,必须在重视正式规则建设的同时,注意加强非正式规则的建设,改善商业银行的软环境.既要发挥显规则的硬约束功能,又要运用好潜规则的软约束效应,为改进商业银行人力资源管理创造良好的条件和基础.     

Information transmission and causality in the Italian Treasury bond market

We examine causality and efficiency in the Italian T-bond market, where cash trades take place on the domestic Mercato Telematico dei Titoli di Stato, while futures trading is based on the London International Financial Futures Exchange. We find evidence that causality in prices runs in both directions, and that the cash lead is almost comparable in size and extension to the futures lead. We then try to assess whether the cash market is weak-form efficient with respect to LIFFE prices. Using a simple trading rule with a variety of time and price filters, we conclude that the observed lead cannot be exploited to make a profit after transaction costs.     

公众预期、通胀成因与经济波动牵扯

针对金融危机冲击下各国宏观经济政策所导致的新的世界经济波动,结合中国当前通货膨胀两难局面,运用古典模型中的二分法解构中国通货膨胀,得出名义变量引致了通胀的结论,并将古典增长模型与利率平滑规则有机结合,推断出现阶段通胀背景下仍应坚持适度从紧的货币政策规则,引导公众心理形成稳定的期望收入预期,才能真正意义上在稳定通胀的同时,形成社会理性消费预期,从而使扩大内需成为可能,这才是解决现阶段增长困境所在。