Catching up: The role of demand, supply and regulated price effects on the real exchange rates of four accession countries

The main aim of this paper is to examine the exchange rate behaviour of a group of four transitional, EU accession countries, with a view to making policy recommendations regarding their full accession to the European Monetary Union. We employ a dynamic OLS panel estimator to investigate the relative importance of demand and supply influences on the exchange rates of these countries. Our analysis shows that both supply‐ and demand‐side effects are important for the accession countries, although their overall effect on inflation differentials and competitiveness seems to be small. An additional focus of the paper is the examination of the role that administrated, or regulated, prices and the productivity of the distribution sector play in the real exchange rate dynamics. Using a unique database we show that administrative prices have been a powerful force behind price and real exchange developments for our group of accession countries. The distribution sector is shown to have an independent effect on the internal price ratio over and above that generated by the Balassa–Samuelson effect.     

Likelihood-based specification analysis of continuous-time models of the short-term interest rate

An extensive collection of continuous-time models of the short-term interest rate is evaluated over data sets that have appeared previously in the literature. The analysis, which uses the simulated maximum likelihood procedure proposed by Durham and Gallant (2002), provides new insights regarding several previously unresolved questions. For single factor models, I find that the volatility, not the drift, is the critical component in model specification. Allowing for additional flexibility beyond a constant term in the drift provides negligible benefit. While constant drift would appear to imply that the short rate is nonstationary, in fact, stationarity is volatility-induced. The simple constant elasticity of volatility model fits weekly observations of the three-month Treasury bill rate remarkably well but is easily rejected when compared with more flexible volatility specifications over daily data. The methodology of Durham and Gallant can also be used to estimate stochastic volatility models. While adding the latent volatility component provides a large improvement in the likelihood for the physical process, it does little to improve bond-pricing performance.     

Post-euro EU and US interest rates and foreign exchange rates: Are they in harmony or in disarray?

This paper focuses on: (1) how a select set of financial and economic factors could set the path for interest rates and foreign exchange rates, and (2) whether the resultant realized interest and exchange rates would be in harmony or in disarray. Using post-euro data for the EU and the US, an array of monetary rules is examined. In particular, the paper investigates whether the original and the extended Taylor rules provide an explanation of the dynamics of the EU monetary system since the inception of the euro. Our findings indicate that the EU and the US monetary responses are not the same and that exchange rates play a significant role.     

基于价格指数的房地产实物期权嘈声滤波研究

房地产实物期权价值一般是建立在指数价格基础上的,基础资产具有不可交易性,物业价格与指数价格之间存在独立的嘈声过程。本文利用伊藤引理和滤波原理,对指数价格进行一定的折旧修正和嘈声滤波,使得物业价格动态方程具有可测性。采用欧式期权定价方法,研究房地产物业的实物期权价值。     

Across-the-Curve Credit Spread Indices

We design a novel across-the-curve credit spread index, AXI, a measure of the recent cost of wholesale unsecured debt funding for publicly listed US bank holding companies and commercial banks. AXI, a benchmark for bank lending and risk management, is the weighted average of credit spreads for unsecured debt instruments with maturities ranging from overnight to five years, with weights that reflect both transaction and issuance volumes. We provide illustrative output of the bond-based component of AXI. By widening coverage to include all corporate debt issuers, we also build a financial conditions index (FXI).     

区域经济一体化与地方政府的利益机制--以长三角为例的研究

区域经济一体化过程就是各种要素在区域内实现合理配置与高效利用的过程。长三角经济一体化的阻力主要来自于地方政府。我国现行以经济业绩为中心的考核方法，形成了地方政府以经济业绩为主体的利益格局。地方政府追求自身利益的行为导致区域壁垒的产生，推动长三角一体化就需要重构地方政府的利益机制。     

区域旅游协作的运行模式及利益分配机制研究

针对现有研究的不足,借鉴国外一些学者的研究成果,结合管理学中的利益相关者理论,提出了中国旅游业发展区域旅游协作的运行模式,并针对运行模式中可能出现的利益冲突问题,运用帕雷托模型探讨了中国旅游业发展区域旅游协作的利益分配机制。     

应用期权方法构建商业银行贷款利率模型

以分析公司普通股所具有的看涨期权特性为出发点，以Black—Scholes看涨期权定价模型为基础，根据不同企业资本结构和资产回报风险的差别，构造了一个商业银行基本贷款利率模型。从期权角度来设计贷款利率模型，除考虑了企业的经营风险因责外，还同时考虑了企业融资结构所带来的财务风险，能更加全面地反映出商业银行贷款的保障程度。     

关于中国货币政策有效性问题的探讨

开放经济对货币政策运行环境、传导机制、调控手段和目标都产生了重要的影响,使得保持货币政策的有效性变得更加复杂.主要表现为:外部均衡在货币政策中的地位显著提高;利率政策和汇率政策相互影响;货币供给的内生性增强;国际经济渠道在货币政策传导机制中的重要性上升;部分货币政策工具的调节力度有所下降.随着我国对外开放进程的加快,要提高货币政策的有效性,必须加快汇率制度改革,建立市场化的汇率机制;把我国的货币政策中介目标逐渐由货币供给量变为市场利率;加快利率市场化改革;注重利率政策和汇率政策的协调.     

发达国家利率市场化改革对我国的启示

利率市场化是我国金融产业走向市场的重要步骤之一,也是国民经济运行体制转变到市场经济上来的基本标志之一。合理配置金融资源,尤其是稳步推进利率市场化,已成为金融改革的迫切要求。本文通过对我国当前利率市场化环境的分析,阐述了发达国家利率市场化改革的经验、教训对我国的启示。