论劳动力价格竞争存在的原因、弊端及对策——基于中国出口竞争模式的分析

改革开放以来,我国出口贸易的竞争力优势,是以劳动力价格竞争优势为主导力量的。然而,根深蒂固的劳动力价格竞争不仅会加剧贸易摩擦,而且会使我方陷入“比较优势陷阱”,造成相对贫困化增长,阻滞产业结构升级,不利于转变经济发展方式。这种单一的竞争策略难以改观,在于缺少完善的劳动力市场,而这又源于劳资双方博弈地位的不对等.因而,使劳资双方博弈地位对等化,是改变这种竞争策略的单一性,优化竞争战略,转变经济发展方式的根本途径。     

中欧之间贸易顺差、摩擦与利益博弈

2004年以来,欧盟成为了中国第一大贸易伙伴,但伴随着贸易额的不断扩大,贸易摩擦相应增加,而贸易顺差成为了贸易摩擦的导火索。事实上中欧之间的贸易摩擦既是中国与欧盟新老成员之间产业结构的一种碰撞,又是欧盟内部产业转移过程中的一种利益冲突。透视中欧之间贸易顺差可以得出,顺差是中欧双方贸易摩擦的导火索,其背后是政治经济的利益博弈。     

THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: MARKET‐ORIENTED VERSUS COST‐ORIENTED

This paper examines the impact of exchange rate movements on foreign direct investment (FDI). We first employ a real options model to show that while the depreciation of a host country's currency tends to stimulate FDI activity of cost‐oriented firms, the depreciation tends to deter FDI activity for market‐oriented firms. With industry panel data on Taiwan's outward FDI into China over the period 1991–2002, our empirical findings indicate that the exchange rate level and its volatility in addition to the relative wage rate have had a significant impact on Taiwanese firms’ outward FDI into China. In general, the empirical results are consistent with the prediction of the theory. Our results reveal that the relationship between exchange rates and FDI is crucially dependent on the motives of the investing firms. Without considering this fact in an empirical model, the testing results might suffer from aggregations bias.     

西电东送背景下的水电租金分配机制研究

必须建立和完善有利于西部发展的水电租金分配制度和政策,深化电力体制改革,尽快解决阻碍西电东送健康进行的体制性问题,完善相关机制,这样才能理顺水电租金的分配,协调区域利益关系,从而使西电东送战略的实施达到东西部双赢的效果。     

“剪刀差”问题的对策研究

本文首先指出了传统的房地产销售预测方法的不足。为了改进原有的预测方法 ,作者结合影响单个房地产销售量各项因素的特殊性和模糊性 ,运用模糊数学的理论与方法 ,建立了新的数学模型并将其成功地运用于实践 ,取得了较好的效果 ,其理论与方法具有较高的参考和应用价值。     

Chaotic Exchange Rate Dynamics Redux

This article generalizes the results shown in De Grauwe, Dewachter, and Embrechts (1993) in a more sophisticated framework. In their model, the speculative dynamics resulting from the interaction between chartists and fundamentalists are incorporated into a Dornbusch-style model to generate a chaotic nominal exchange rate. Here the model of Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995, 1996) replaces the Dornbusch model, and chaotic solutions are still shown to be possible for sensible parameter values.     

The Behavior of the Real Exchange Rate Under Fixed and Floating Exchange Rate Regimes

This article investigates the behavior of real exchange rates under fixed and flexible exchange rates. Using data from both the Bretton Woods and the modern floating periods, we decompose real exchange rate movements into components attributable to supply shocks, real demand shocks, monetary shocks, capital flows shocks, and real oil price shocks. Empirical results show that real demand shocks are an important source of real exchange rate movements under both fixed and flexible rates, while monetary shocks are negligible. Supply and oil price shocks seem to be more important under Bretton Woods, while capital flows shocks seem to explain a relatively higher proportion of real exchange rate movements under the modern floating period.     

利率全面开放时期的风险识别与防范

综观国际上实施利率市场化改革的经验和教训,不难看到虽然利率市场化是提高金融系统效率和效益的必要途径,然而它也将给该国的经济,金融系统带来许多严重的风险。我国目前正加紧利率市场化改革步伐,为使改革顺利进行,减轻负面影响,研究和探讨防范和管理利率市场时期的风险的方法和途径应是我们面临的迫切任务。本将利用保险理论中风险管理的思想,来分析,研究这类风险的管理与防范,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

Bond pricing in a hidden Markov model of the short rate

Abstract. We consider a diffusion type model for the short rate, where the drift and diffusion parameters are modulated by an underlying Markov process. The underlying Markov process is assumed to have a stochastic differential driven by Wiener processes and a marked point process. The model for the short rate thus falls within the category of hidden Markov models.     

The Provision of Liquidity in the Swedish Note Banking System, 1878–1901

Abstract

The working of the “asset currency” provided by the Swedish note banking system in 1878–1901 is described. Natural and institutional conditions caused the demand for currency to peak in March and September, with troughs in July and January. The paper investigates how the Enskilda banks provided liquidity to solve the problem. This is done by describing how the volume of notes varied over the year, and how other balance sheet items co-moved with them. Strong seasonal co-variation is found particularly between lending and foreign payments media, varying like communicating vessels over the sailing season in May–October (when the sea was ice free and shipments were made).