Government grants,private R&D funding and innovation efficiency in transition economy

Although the development of the high-tech industry is part of the national agenda of many countries, particularly transition economies, few studies have analysed innovation efficiency in countries with environments unfavourable to high-tech industry development. This study explores the relationships of government grants, private R&D funding and innovation efficiencies of the high-tech industry in China. We use a stochastic frontier analysis model to study the roles of government and market mechanisms in high-tech industry innovation from 1995 to 2008. Findings show that government grants do not crowd out private funding, but stimulate private R&D expenditure. Private R&D funding has positively influenced innovation in the Chinese high-tech industry, and efficiency potentials are widely under-exploited. Additionally, government grants are observed to negatively impact innovation by large firms in the Chinese high-tech industry. Furthermore, we reveal that human capital can promote the innovation performance of high-tech firms, excepting those of medium scale. The findings provide insightful perspectives on China's high-tech industry.     

金融支持贫困县县域经济发展情况调研——以广西隆安县为例

如何发展与壮大贫困县的县域经济,是需要我们思考的问题.本文以国家贫困县广西隆安县为例,深刻分析金融支持县域经济发展中存在的问题,从金融机构和经济环境两方面对金融如何支持贫困县县域经济发展作一些探索.     

基础研究与应用研究对地区经济高质量发展的异质性作用——基于“中等收入陷阱风险”视角

当前,内外部环境改变导致经济增速放缓,中国面临陷入“中等收入陷阱”风险,以创新驱动实现经济高质量发展越发重要。以经济效率提升与经济动能转换综合衡量经济高质量发展水平,使用2001—2017年中国省际面板数据,实证检验基础研究与应用研究对中国经济高质量发展的异质性影响。结果发现：①基础研究与应用研究均有利于经济效率提升,只有基础研究显著促进经济动能转换;②东中西部地区收入水平存在差距,基础研究对经济高质量发展存在阶梯式地区异质性影响,即对东部地区经济效率有显著促进作用,对中部地区无显著影响,对西部地区有显著抑制作用,且仅对东部地区经济动能转换具有显著促进作用,但应用研究无显著地区异质性影响;③基础研究存在显著门槛效应,只有达到一定收入水平,基础研究才会促进地区经济高质量发展;④为实现2025年前后顺利跨越“中等收入陷阱”,未来中国基础研究投入年均增幅需保持在［24.7%,29.3%］区间。     

Subprime mortgage funding and liquidity risk

In this article, we use actuarial methods to solve a nonlinear stochastic optimal liquidity risk management problem for subprime originators with deposit inflow rates and marketable securities allocation as controls. The main objective is to minimize liquidity risk in the form of funding and credit crunch risk in an incomplete market. In order to accomplish this, we construct a stochastic model that incorporates originator mortgage and deposit reference processes. Finally, numerical examples that illustrate the main modeling and optimization features of the article are provided.     

新加坡的“卓越研究中心”计划

新加坡的“卓越研究中心”计划是新加坡政府的一项长期投资计划,其宗旨是依托已有的学术力量和学科基础,在新加坡的大学创建世界水平的研究中心。新加坡教育部和国家研究基金会共同投资7.5亿新元,计划用10年的时间培养出5个世界一流的研究中心。卓越研究中心实行董事会领导下的中心主任负责制,聘用了大批具有较强国际影响力的外国研究人员,为新加坡优势领域的发展和下一代人才培养发挥了重要作用。通过对新加坡“卓越研究中心”计划的设计、实施及评审过程的概述,探讨新加坡卓越研究中心的运作方式及成效,以期为我国引进、使用世界一流科技人才,建设卓越研究基地,提供有益借鉴。     

美国2013-2017年北极研究计划

当前,北极地区面临着越来越大的经济、环境和文化挑战,成为科学研究的重点,以更好地应对气候变化。为此,美国跨部门北极研究政策联合委员会（IARPC）根据法律制定了2013-2017年北极研究计划,确定了今后5年北极研究重点,力争美国在未来保持北极研究的领先地位。该计划重点围绕以下7个研究领域,分别是：海冰与海洋生态系统研究、陆冰与生态系统研究、地表热量、能量以及质量平衡的大气研究、观测系统研究、区域气候模型研究、区域可持续发展的气候适应工具研究、人类健康研究等。     

Public Technology Infrastructure,R&D Sourcing,and Research Joint Ventures

In this paper, we define public technology infrastructure to mean public resources that bring new R&D into existence. Examples are public research that yields knowledge spillovers and government contracts that broker new research. Using this definition we explore the effect of public infrastructure on cooperative R&D, especially R&D sourcing and research joint ventures (RJVs). Our findings strongly suggest that public infrastructure promotes cooperative R&D. We begin by studying the role of federal laboratories in R&D sourcing by private laboratories, finding that sourcing increases as a result. Then we examine patents arising from RJVs sponsored by the Advanced Technology Program (ATP). We find that R&D subsidies as well as difficulty and novelty increase patents produced by the RJVs. Contractual oversight by ATP has no direct effect but an indirect effect appears to exist, since firms value ATP oversight more highly for more difficult and novel projects, and these produce more patents.     

Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement

Abstract

Economic evaluations of health interventions pose a particular challenge for reporting. There is also a need to consolidate and update existing guidelines and promote their use in a user-friendly manner. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement is an attempt to consolidate and update previous health economic evaluation guidelines efforts into one current, useful reporting guidance. The primary audiences for the CHEERS statement are researchers reporting economic evaluations and the editors and peer reviewers assessing them for publication.

?The need for new reporting guidance was identified by a survey of medical editors. A list of possible items based on a systematic review was created. A two round, modified Delphi panel consisting of representatives from academia, clinical practice, industry, government, and the editorial community was conducted. Out of 44 candidate items, 24 items and accompanying recommendations were developed. The recommendations are contained in a user-friendly, 24-item checklist. A copy of the statement, accompanying checklist, and this report can be found on the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluations Publication Guidelines Task Force website (www.ispor.org/TaskForces/EconomicPubGuidelines.asp).

?The hope is that CHEERS will lead to better reporting and, ultimately, better health decisions. To facilitate dissemination and uptake, the CHEERS statement is being co-published across 10 health economics and medical journals. Other journals and groups are encouraged to endorse CHEERS. The author team plans to review the checklist for an update in 5 years.     

Attention All Shoppers,Queer Customers in Aisle Two: Investigating Lesbian and Gay Discrimination in the Marketplace

In this paper, drawing on epistemologies in social and behavioral sciences, we discuss the tenuous social-cultural climate of sexual minorities within markets. Discourses across disciplines address the socio-political and cultural evolution of sexual minorities, most notably self-identified and out lesbians and gay men. Yet, consumptive and marketing spheres offer mixed metaphors about the value and desirability of lesbians and gays, and often work to enact the homophobic at an institutional level. We review research on homonegative bias and heteronormativity within psychological and sociological domains, and then illustrate how homonegativity toward perceived lesbians and gays is structurally enacted within the marketplace. We posit four methodological strategies that may be used to further research queries in these domains, and comment on the ethical parameters of using deception to investigate discriminatory behavior against (perceived) lesbians and gay men.     

商业银行竞争力研究的新框架——以X效率为核心的三层次分析

学界和实务界对商业银行竞争力的研究颇多。尽管不同的研究者基于各自的理论平台和分析视角,建立了各类银行竞争力的评价指标体系,然而就竞争力分析框架而言,它们或多或少地缺乏完整的内在逻辑,解释力有限。本文提出研究商业银行竞争力的新的分析框架,把效率作为竞争力的核心与纽带以及解释的逻辑起点,以此为基础向另外两个维度分别扩展。新的分析框架将银行竞争力分为相互联系的三个层次,即竞争力的本质(X效率)、竞争力的表现(以利润率为代表的一组绩效指标)、竞争力的来源(形成效率和绩效差异的内外因素)。它们均可进行有理论基础的定量分析,并可运用其测度结果对银行竞争力进行有逻辑关联的、相互补充的分析。