美中贸易逆差与人民币汇率的灰色关联度分析

运用灰色关联度分析方法研究美中经常性贸易逆差与人民币汇率以及美国对华限制出口的相关关系,研究表明:人民币汇率与美中贸易逆差灰色关联度较小,显著小于与美国对华高科技出口限制因素的关联性.因此,不存在我国操纵汇率补贴出口企业保持对美国的贸易高顺差,美中贸易逆差主要是结构性逆差以及美国对华限制性出口政策的结果,人民币升值无益于美中贸易逆差的缩小.     

长江三角洲对外开放的区域差异及成因分析

选择出口依存度和资本依存度2个指标构建对外开放度指数,对长江三角洲15个城市的对外开放度进行测算.结果表明,长江三角洲各市的对外开放度差异很大,可以划分为3个层次:高开放度城市(苏州、上海、宁波、无锡)、中等开放度城市(嘉兴、杭州、绍兴、南京、常州、南通)和低开放度城市(舟山、湖州、镇江、扬州、泰州).造成长江三角洲对...     

金融危机以来我国沿海港口货物吞吐量影响因素研究——兼论我国经济由外需拉动向内需驱动转型的一个证据

通过建立基于贸易引力模型的我国沿海港口货物吞吐量影响因素的VAR模型,分别考察了交通运输业固定投资、人民币汇率、世界经济状况和国内经济状况对我国沿海港口货物吞吐量的影响,并以金融危机以来的数据作为样本对该模型进行了实证检验.由脉冲响应和方差分解分析发现:世界经济发展状况对我国沿海港口货物吞吐量的影响最大,且世界经济的复...     

Demystifying the Meese–Rogoff puzzle: structural breaks or measures of forecasting accuracy?

Structural breaks have been suggested by several economists as a possible explanation for the Meese–Rogoff puzzle, in the sense that an exchange rate model can outperform the random walk in terms of the out-of-sample forecasting error if the period under investigation is free of structural breaks. The results indicate that structural breaks cannot explain the inability of the flexible price monetary model to outperform the random walk. The only plausible explanation for the Meese–Rogoff puzzle is that forecasting accuracy is traditionally assessed by magnitude-only measures. When forecasting accuracy is assessed by alternative measures that do not rely exclusively on the magnitude of error, the monetary model can outperform the random walk regardless of the presence or otherwise of structural breaks.     

Effects of government spending shocks in China,Japan, and Korea

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the effects of government spending shocks on various key macro variables in China, Korea, and Japan using structural VAR models. The main empirical findings are as follows. Government spending multipliers of all three countries are far larger than 1 in recent years. The effectiveness of fiscal expansion has not changed markedly in China but substantially increased in Korea (after the Asian financial crisis) and Japan (during zero lower bound period). Increases in the effectiveness of fiscal expansion are associated with changes in the monetary and exchange rate policy regimes and institutions of these countries. Among the three countries, the government spending multiplier is relatively large in China but relatively small in Japan in recent years. Although the effects on exchange rate and trade balance vary across countries and sample periods, real exchange rate tends to depreciate, whereas trade balance tends to improve under flexible exchange rate regimes. Some empirical findings are consistent with standard theory, but others are not.

Abbreviations: NK: New Keynesian VAR: Vector Autoregressive ZLB: Zero Lower Bound     

Evaluating Projects and Assessing Sustainable Development in Imperfect Economies

We are interested in three related questions:(1) How should accounting prices be estimated?(2) How should we evaluate policy change in animperfect economy? (3) How can we check whetherintergenerational well-being will be sustainedalong a projected economic programme? We do notpresume that the economy is convex, nor do weassume that the government optimizes on behalfof its citizens. We show that the same set ofaccounting prices should be used both forpolicy evaluation and for assessing whether ornot intergenerational welfare along a giveneconomic path will be sustained. We also showthat a comprehensive measure of wealth,computed in terms of the accounting prices, canbe used as an index for problems (2) and (3)above. The remainder of the paper is concernedwith rules for estimating the accounting pricesof several specific environmental naturalresources, transacted in a few well knowneconomic institutions.     

完善外币汇兑损益会计与税务处理规范的思考

随着美国次贷危机演变成全球性金融危机,全球金融市场发生了剧烈动荡,各种货币之间的比价（汇率）出现了较大幅度的升值或贬值,尤以澳元兑美元汇率变化为剧。对部分持有澳元资产或承担澳元负债的中国公司而言,汇率剧烈波动对企业业绩的影响,如按现行企业会计准则和企业所得税法的规定进行处理,将直接影响企业财务状况和经营成果的稳定,导致企业所得税收征不合理的情况发生。必须针对汇率剧烈波动对企业业绩影响的特殊情况,完善企业会计准则和修改完善企业所得税征收的实施细则。     

On a generalization of a class of production functions

In Appl. Econ. Lett. 18 (2011), 1777–1784, as a natural generalization of some famous production models with two inputs, C.A. Ioan and G. Ioan introduced a new class of production functions with constant return to scale, called sum production function, and proved three theorems of characterization for such production models. In this article, we give new and more simple proofs of these theorems, extending also the results to the case of increased/decreased return to scale. The generalization to the case of an arbitrary number of inputs is also discussed.     

Testing hysteresis effect in U.S. state unemployment: new evidence using a nonlinear quantile unit root test

We revisit hysteresis effect in the unemployment rate of each of the 52 states of the United States using nonlinear quantile unit root test over the period 1976M1–2016M7. Our results indicate that unemployment rate of the U.S. economy as a whole displays hysteresis effect over recessionary periods. Nineteen out of 52 states display hysteresis behaviour over the period 1976–2016. For the remaining 33 states, we find four types of behaviours. Some states display stationarity behaviour almost in all quantiles. Some display hysteresis over recessionary periods and in contrast some display hysteresis over expansion period.     

Why you should use high frequency data to test the impact of exchange rate on trade

This study suggests that testing the impact of exchange rate on trade should be done using high-frequency data. Using different data frequencies for identical periods and specifications between the US and Canada, we show that low-frequency data might suppress and distort the evidence of the impact of exchange rate on trade in the short run and the long run.