乡村精英在低保分配中的行动逻辑——以湖北省J村为例

农村最低生活保障制度是现代社会保障体系的重要组成部分,是促进农村经济发展和维护社会稳定的客观需要。在低保分配过程中,居于"强有力"的位置上的乡村精英利用资源与权力的双重优势实行公共权力的私人化运作,而信息垄断与规则变通则是乡村精英在低保分配中的行动逻辑。     

新疆农村产业融合发展研究

现运用面板回归模型结合产值贡献度的方法评价了新疆农村产业融合度,结果表明,新疆农业与农产品加工业融合度、农业与农业服务业融合度均较低。通过地理信息可视化表达发现,新疆农村产业融合度且存在明显的区域差异。最后,结合新疆农村产业融合发展所面临的困境,提出了需要完善农业教育服务体系;培育区域特色品牌;加强对各种利益联结方式的监督引导等建议。     

对农村宅基地管理问题的思考

许多省（市）依据《中华人民共和国土地管理法》及《中华人民共和国土地管理法实施条例》并结合当地实际相应出台了一些地方性法规或规章,以加强农村宅基地的管理,但当前农村宅基地管理仍存在一些问题。农村宅基地管理必须要有相应措施跟上才能使其更具现实性和有效性,才能保证村民宅基地的使用科学化、合理化、集约化,加快实现社会主义新农村建设蓝图。     

论违法发放贷款罪的司法认定

刑法设立违法发放贷款罪的目的,在于避免人情贷款、以贷谋私等危及贷款安全的行为,保证银行信贷资产的完整。但由于立法上的疏漏,司法实践中对本罪构成要件存在严重的认识上的分歧,导致法律适用不统一,出罪、入罪均带有一定的随意性,不仅没有实现本罪的立法目的,还对商业银行的经营产生了一定的负面影响,因此,有必要对本罪的构成要件进行研究。     

论中西部农村土地承包经营权流转的制约因素与破解对策——以湖北、贵州两省的实证调研为依据

通过实证考察湖北、贵州两省近几年农村土地承包经营权流转的现状及对其成因的探析可以发现,中西部地区的农村要达致土地承包经营权规模化经营的理想状态,还有诸多制约因素有待克服。破解之道主要在于应构建有利于促进土地承包经营权流转的配套制度,营造有利于土地承包经营权流转的社会条件和经济环境。     

城乡基本公共服务设施均等化发展特征分析——基于常州市的调查

促进基本公共服务设施均等化发展是从空间规划与建设角度推动城乡统筹的重要方面和技术支撑。基于在江苏省常州市开展的调查研究,试图全面了解城乡基本公共服务设施均等化发展的特征与问题。通过调查分析,认为主要有以下三个方面:(1)基层地方政府的经济发展水平尤其是财政能力直接决定了基本公共服务设施的供给水平,进而直接影响基本公共服务设施供给的均等化程度;(2)基本公共服务设施在数量均等方面已经获得较大发展,但质量的均等化程度还远远不够,质量均等应当是基本公共服务设施均等化发展的最终目标;(3)集中化、规模化发展建设已经成为基本公共服务设施发展的总体方向,但由此带来的可达性问题是影响基本公共服务设施均等化发展尤其是农村地区均等化发展的关键问题。而解决可达性这一问题的唯一出路可能就在于将基本公共服务设施的发展建设与城镇化的健康发展紧密结合。     

Fostering rural and agricultural tourism: exploring the potential of geocaching

Geocaching is a modern-day version of “hide and seek” where participants use geographical longitude and latitude coordinates to locate a “geocache” using a GPS device or mobile app. An agriculturally focused geocache program could foster tourism, interest and educational opportunities about rural and agricultural areas, and could facilitate additional patronage of businesses that operate in these areas. As a prerequisite to such a program, however, organizations must commit to establishing and maintaining a geocache. This study explores the perceived benefits and constraints to an organization's participation in a rural or agriculturally focused geocache program. A case example of an agriculturally focused geocaching program, AgCache, is used as a starting point. In-depth interviews of program Founders and current participants explored the program's background and goals, and experiences of participating sites. Complimenting this, a survey collected information from potential host sites, and probit model analyses were used to assess influences on an organization's interest in hosting a geocache. While many organizations indicated that they would be interested in such a program, several indicated (addressable) concerns. Characteristics of the organization and respondent were found to significantly influence their interest. Findings are instructive for targeting and recruiting organizations into an agricultural or rural geocaching program.     

Rural tourism quality of services: fundamental contributive factors from tourists’ perceptions

Despite the importance of quality of services in the rural tourism sector, it is somewhat surprising that little study has been done to delve into the fundamental contributive factors that contribute to quality of services from the tourists’ perceptions. This is the first known study undertaken with a view to understand the fundamental contributive factors (i.e. climate change, carrying capacity, relaxation environment, and community support) from the environmental perspectives that link with quality of services in rural tourism destinations. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to the tourists who visited four study sites from Borneo Heights, Sarawak, and 215 were returned and used for analysis. To assess the developed model, SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) is applied based on path modelling and then bootstrapping. Interestingly, the findings revealed that tourists are more concerned about the changing of climate and relaxation environment at the destination. They also agreed that community support plays a significant role in the development of quality of services in the rural tourism. This study further discussed on the implications of the findings, limitations, and directions for future research.     

乡村旅游开发:我国城市反哺农村的理想途径

以城市和乡村这两种不同类型的人类集居地域对比为基础,从乡村旅游的本质和特性着手,探讨其在我国城市反哺农村中的产业优势与产业适宜性。认为乡村旅游通过吸引城市居民直接到农村地区异地消费而巧妙地实现城乡之间财富的隐形调拨,是平衡地区经济的天然杠杆;乡村旅游主要以乡村环境和物产以及遍在性的山水和风土民情为物质基础,从而使得绝大多数农村地区都具备发展条件,堪称为农村地区"量身订造"的新型产业;乡村旅游还因就地取材和游客主动上门而能获得既靠近原料地、又靠近消费市场的产业布局效应;乡村旅游业发展条件的门槛较低,是落后的农村地区可进入性较好的产业。     

Rural-urban gradient analysis of ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics

Urban regions are important places of ecosystem service demands and, at the same time, are the primary source of global environmental impacts. Although there is broad agreement on the importance of incorporating the concept of ecosystem services into policy strategies and decision-making, the lack of a standardized approach to quantifying ecosystem services at the landscape scale has hindered progress in this direction. Moreover, tradeoffs between ecosystem services and the supply/demand ratio of ecosystem services in urban landscapes have rarely been investigated. In our paper, we present a method to quantify and map the supply and demand of three essential provisioning services - energy, food, and water - along the rural-urban gradient of the eastern German region Leipzig-Halle. This urban region has experienced significant socio-economic dynamics and land use changes since the German reunification in 1990. The results show that both the demand and the supply of ecosystem services changed considerably during the time span under consideration (1990-2007). We identified an increasing supply/demand ratio of food and water but a decreasing supply/demand ratio of energy. In addition, the pattern of ecosystem demands shows a levelling of rural-urban gradients, reflecting profound modifications of traditional rural-urban relationships. The changes of ecosystem service supply gradients are determined more by land use intensity, such as the intensification of agricultural production, than by land cover changes such as urban sprawl. The comparison of supply/demand ratios and rural-urban patterns of ecosystem services can help decision-makers in landscape management in striving for a sustainable balance between resource supply and demand.