Implications of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions trading for short-run electricity market outcomes in northwest Europe

We examine the short-run implications of CO₂ trading for power production, prices, emissions, and generator profits in northwest Europe in 2005. Simulation results from a transmission-constrained oligopoly model are compared with theoretical analyses to quantify price increases and windfall profits earned by generators. The analyses indicate that the rates at which CO₂ costs are passed through to wholesale prices are affected by market competitiveness, merit order changes, and elasticities of demand and supply. Emissions trading results in large windfall profits, much but not all of which is due to free allocation of allowances. Profits also increase for some generators because their generation mix has low emissions, and so they benefit from electricity price increases. Most emission reductions appear to be due to demand response not generation redispatch.      

CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAMS: EVIDENCE FROM CHILE

This paper analyzes the impact of two anti‐crime programs adopted in Chile in the late 1990s. The first (the so‐called Quadrant Plan) is aimed at enhancing the quality of police work and the second (the Secure County Plan), at encouraging the involvement of the community in designing specific projects aimed at reducing the crime rate. It is found that only the Quadrant Plan has been successful in terms of reducing crime rates and has caused an impact through the effect of arrests in deterring crime. The Secure County program does not appear to have had any incidence on crime rates. It is also found that crime is associated with unemployment and that there is persistence in crime rates.     

“十三五”期间我国组织或共同发起的国际大科学计划和大科学工程发展状况与对策

国际大科学计划/工程兼具科学属性与工程属性。组织实施该类计划或工程是一个国家的科技实力与国际竞争力的重要体现。我国曾大量参与国际大科学计划和大科学工程，不过发挥牵头和主导作用的却寥寥无几。国务院印发的《“十三五”国家科技创新规划》对组织实施国际大科学计划和大科学工程作出战略部署。本文在对“十三五”时期我国牵头组织国际大科学计划、大科学工程的成效与影响进行总体评估的基础上，分析实施过程中存在的问题与挑战，并对我国“十四五”时期如何加强国际大科学计划和工程提出政策建议，以期为提高我国的科技创新能力提供启示。