基于"钻石模型"的中国服务贸易国际竞争力分析

本文首先介绍迈克尔·波特的"钻石模型",进而介绍我国服务贸易发展的现状,通过对我国服务贸易结构及TC指数的分析来揭示其存在问题,最后提出发展我国服务贸易的相关对策和建议.     

新旧农业社会化服务组织协同制度的路径研究

随着整个国家经济社会发展,农业生产中出现了各种提供社会化劳动服务的新型服务合作社。新型服务社与原来的社会化服务组织如采取协同制度,整个社会福利将得到帕累托改进。制度经济学的理论可说明新旧服务组织的协同制度变迁路径。在制度变迁的初始阶段新型服务社是第一行动集团,潜在的利益推动制度变迁;地方政府是诱致性制度变迁的突破口,其发现潜在收益并转换角色,制度变迁表现为中间扩散;中央政府成为主导,继续推动制度变迁。推进协同制度应尊重服务社的选择,体制内的原有服务组织可以服务社作为新的平台提供服务,地方政府加强对体制内的原有服务组织考核,中央政府重塑农业社会化服务体系。     

The managerial implications of an analysis of tourist profiles and international hotel employee service attitude

Numerous studies indicate that customer satisfaction is closely related to hotel employees’ service attitude, and that distinct segments of a target tourist market require distinct customer service emphases. The enclosed study finds, for example, that Taiwanese tourists generally appreciate friendliness and enthusiasm, Japanese tourists admire courteousness and propriety, and American tourists value immediacy and efficiency. Marketers and personnel managers are therefore well advised to develop training strategies emphasizing empathy, gracious problem solving, and prompt individual attention for Taiwanese, Japanese, and American tourists, respectively. Importance–performance analysis (IPA) can be used to identify crucial aspects of appropriate service and recommend managerial strategies to support their implementation.     

Uncertainty perception in bidding for Product-Service Systems under competition

This research investigates what impact of uncertainty perception arising from the existence of competition has on the pricing decision for Product-Service Systems (PSS) under uncertainty. PSS provision is an increasingly important area for many businesses and competition increases cognitive pressures on providers even further. We present an experimental study with industrial costing and bidding experts from the defence and aerospace sector. The study consisted of an experimental set-up via two questionnaires which differed in the existence of competition in the bidding scenario. The findings showed that bidding decision makers changed their evaluation of the cost estimate due to the introduction of competition but kept their evaluations of the profit margin and price bids constant. Furthermore, the participants listed the relevant sources of uncertainty that influenced their decision-making process. This research contributes to the literature in two ways. First, our findings showed that predictions from current theory regarding decision-making of cost estimation and pricing are not confirmed when competitively bidding for PSS. Second, we show uncertainty sources that influenced the decision makers and identified p the importance of internal processes of the PSS provider and environmental uncertainty.     

Still Big in Bangkok? An Empirical Analysis of the Regional Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in Thailand

This paper analyses regional Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Thailand. Its determinants are identified using a unique assembled panel dataset comprising all 76 Thai provinces during the period 1985–2005. The work is premised on the view that foreign investors consider various determinants of location choices in each province (including labour costs, Gross Provincial Products (GPP) per head, areas of industrial estates, communication and transportation issues, population characteristics, educational attainment, population density and distance from the centre of town to the main ports of Thailand) as well as government incentives, before deciding to undertake FDI in a given region. Our econometric model estimates suggest that government regional policy, and the effect of zoning in particular, however, has a significant and positive effect on regional FDI, drawing FDI to those zones where the greatest incentives are on offer. The other possible determinants of FDI amongst regions are largely shown to be insignificant.     

论服务业在国民经济中的"黏合剂"作用

服务业在国民经济中的地位不断上升,已不再是"边缘化的或奢侈的经济活动",而是位于经济的核心地带.服务业在国民经济中的突出作用表现在它具有"黏合剂"的功能,也正因为这一功能使之成为经济增长和效率提高的助推器、经济竞争力提升的牵引力、经济变革与经济全球化的催化剂.切实培育与发挥服务业的经济牵引力、产业整合力与国际竞争力,有助于更好地推进我国的产业结构优化升级,形成以制造业为支撑、服务业全面发展的产业格局,增强服务贸易和商品贸易的国际竞争力,促进我国国民经济持续快速健康协调发展.     

服务业与综合国力的关系

当今世界已经进入服务经济时代.服务经济时代的服务业就是现代服务业.现代服务业的基本特征是,先进的科学技术,丰富的文化内涵,合理的产业结构.在国民经济中,它具有经济增长力、生产推动力、产业协调力、劳动吸纳力、社会凝聚力、形象感召力、设施承载力、安全保障力,极大地提高综合国力.     

竞争优势理论及其对我国服务贸易的启示

国家竞争优势理论是当前流行的国际贸易理论学说,该理论对一国制定服务业发展战略和提升国际服务贸易竞争力具有重要的借鉴意义。本文从国家竞争优势理论出发,在对我国服务贸易现状进行分析的基础上,提出以服务贸易国际竞争力为导向的若干对策建议。     

事业单位国有资产管理的制度设计、治理机制及其他

对事业单位国有资产管理进行改革已越来越迫切.作为规范性的事业单位的主体社会公益型组织,评价其资产管理工作的好坏不是以它们所创造的货币收益多少为指标,而必须研究设计出一整套多元的科学指标体系;应在医院、学校等事业单位建立理事会或董事会治理结构;重建成本核算的财务会计制度.     

纵向财政失衡、FDI竞争与医疗卫生服务供给水平——兼论标尺竞争机制下地区间的策略性行为北大核心CSSCI

关于医疗卫生服务供给不足的原因一直是社会各界高度关注的重点话题,现行的财政分权制度常被认为是最主要的原因。本文尝试将表征现行财政分权制度特征的三个要素,即纵向财政失衡、地区FDI竞争和地区间竞争模仿的策略性行为,与医疗卫生服务供给水平纳入同一分析框架,在对其理论机制分析的基础上,利用2007-2018年277个地级及以上城市面板数据,实证考察它们之间的关系特征及机制路径。研究发现,纵向财政失衡与地区FDI竞争对医疗卫生服务供给水平均存在显著的抑制作用,同时,地区FDI竞争对纵向财政失衡的负向抑制作用具有正向调节效应。进一步分析发现,地方政府间的标尺竞争使其在医疗卫生服务供给行为上表现出明显的策略模仿,医疗卫生服务供给水平呈明显的空间溢出效应。异质性分析发现,发达地区医疗卫生服务供给水平受抑制的主因是FDI竞争所致,欠发达地区则主要缘于纵向财政失衡的显著影响。机制分析发现,纵向财政失衡通过作用于财政支出结构与医疗卫生支出效率两种方式实现对医疗卫生服务供给水平的抑制,而FDI竞争则主要是通过扭曲财政支出结构的方式实现其抑制作用。本文的研究丰富了医疗卫生服务供给不足制度性成因探寻的文献,对于如何全面推进新一轮财税体制改革、深化医疗卫生体制改革、优化政绩考核指标等具有借鉴意义。