知识创造场的动力机制与管理模式研究

知识创造的动力不仅存在于个人,而且存在于人与人以及人与环境相互作用的场中。从点、线、面3个层次剖析知识创造的场动力,并根据动力机制,进一步探讨知识创造场的管理模式,旨在为知识创新管理提供指导。     

国家科技重大专项财政支持效率评价

在相关文献的基础上,选取财政支持效率评价作为突破口,研究了我国科技重大专项管理路径。分析重大专项财政投入现状发现,资金使用情况良好,支出结构基本合理,多元化投入机制逐渐建立,管理制度基本建立。同时,通过DEA和Malmquist模型评估了决策单元的综合效率值和动态效率值,结果表明,财政支持重大专项发展过程中的资源配置效率并没有实现最优。但是,通过技术创新、资源配置、规模效率等途径优化重大专项管理的效果已初步显现。效率较为低下的表象为科研活动价值补偿不足,制约因素包括：事权缺乏清晰界定且事权与支出责任不匹配、组织管理体制有待完善、实施模式缺乏清晰判断。最后,提出了建议,包括不断完善重大专项财政投入及其管理、匹配科技重大专项事权与支出责任、健全重大专项实施机制、优化管理架构。     

团队创造力研究理论评析

团队层面的创造力已成为当今理论研究的热点内容。通过相关文献梳理,从团队创造力的内涵、维度、研究视角以及影响因素等方面对现有研究进行系统述评,并就未来研究方向和重点予以展望,以期为后续研究以及人力资源管理实践提供参考。     

The Managerial Lineages of Neoliberalism

Managerialism is often depicted as a key practice of neoliberalism yet relatively little has been written by scholars of neoliberalism about the actual relationship between managerialism and neoliberalism. Usually subsumed under a functional reading of neoliberalism, managerialism has too often been understood simply as a means for neoliberal ends (i.e. to promote market rule or competition). This paper challenges this perspective on the grounds that it conflates practices that stem from two different historical lineages. As we show, managerial governance not only has a very different history than neoliberal theory, but it also rests on different principles. Its development can be traced back to the US defence sector in the 1950s and the pivotal role of the RAND Corporation. On the basis of this historical perspective, we argue for the need to analyse managerialism on its own terms and make the case for considering the rise of managerial science as a paradigmatic shift in governance. In doing so, we show how managerial governance represented a radical rupture from previous management practices and show how it profoundly reshaped how we have come to understand governance.     

Goals versus institutions: the development of performance measurement in the Swedish university sector

This paper contrasts goal-directed and institutional approaches to the development of performance measurement (PM) in the Swedish university sector, which has been subject to increasing emphasis on management by objectives since the early 1990s. We adopt a macro perspective, focusing on recent changes in PM related to governmental control of universities and colleges and combine an extensive review of archival data with interviews in our empirical analysis. It is concluded that although the goal-directed model cannot be completely rejected as a heuristic informing recent changes in PM, a process-orientated institutional perspective considerably enriches the analysis by making it less static and more contextually informed. In particular, the latter perspective better explains the evolution of loose couplings between formally stated goals and performance indicators and between different systems for PM by directing attention to the complex interplay between conflicting constituent interests in the evolution of resource and cost allocation practices and quality control procedures. However, our empirical analysis also leads us to reconsider the conceptions of loose coupling as either a “given” feature of institutionalised organizations or an outcome of more pro-active resistance at the micro level prevailing in much earlier work in institutional theory.     

管理会计方法体系构建探析

本文认为,管理会计所涉及的是企业经营管理活动中的问题,即预测、决策、规划、控制等,要解决的是企业不同时期、不同经济环境下发生的问题,因而其方法灵活多样,因地、因时、因事而异。基于管理对象和生产经营过程构建管理会计的方法体系,有利于加强管理会计方法的可操作性,能有效促使管理会计理论、方法在企业管理过中得到进一步应用。     

医院的企业文化体系内涵与核心能力培育

医院文化(Hospital Culture Management,HC)和医院文化管理(Hospital Culture Management,HCM)是医院管理的重要组成部分。医院文化可以分为显性文化和隐性文化二类,前者指管理规章制度体系,后者指企业的价值观、道德伦理和经营宗旨等方面,两者互为促进。为开展好医院文化建设管理,笔者给出了5个方面的建议,这些都是基于笔者长期实践的认知。     

CEO环境不确定性感知与企业创新模式选择关系研究

基于高阶理论与调节焦点理论,通过中国373家企业问卷调查数据,探讨CEO环境不确定性感知对企业创新模式选择的影响机制。结果表明：CEO环境不确定性感知对企业渐进性创新与突破性创新均具有显著正向影响;高管团队行为整合在CEO环境不确定性感知与企业创新间发挥部分中介作用;CEO特质调节焦点正向调节CEO环境不确定性感知与高管团队行为整合之间的关系,同时正向调节上述中介机制。     

基于计划行为理论的知识隐藏行为拓展模型构建

基于计划行为理论(TPB)框架,结合动机理论、社会交换理论、心理占有理论等构建知识隐藏行为形成机制拓展模型。研究发现：(1)知识隐藏态度受到心理距离、结果期望的影响,知识隐藏主观规范受到组织网络结构中网络惯例的影响,知识隐藏感知行为控制受到知识权力、知识心理所有权的影响;(2)知识隐藏意愿受到知识隐藏行为态度、知识隐藏主观规范、知识隐藏感知行为控制以及过去行为的影响,知识隐藏意愿与知识隐藏感知行为控制可预测知识隐藏行为的发生;(3)创新氛围、双元领导和大五人格在知识隐藏意愿与知识隐藏行为之间起调节作用。上述拓展模型的构建有助于提升TPB的解释度并扩大适用范围,深入了解员工知识隐藏行为背后的行为逻辑,对于减少知识隐藏行为、促进知识流动、制定管理制度具有重要理论意义和实践价值。