中国CO_2排放与经济增长间关系的实证分析——基于双向分量回归模型

采用双向分量回归法探讨1985—2009年中国CO2排放与经济增长的关系,并且在模型中引入共同边界技术效率比,以解决一般固定效应模型无法捕捉不随时间变动的因素对两者间内在关系的影响这一问题。结果显示:经济发展水平越低的地区,人均GDP对人均CO2排放量的弹性系数越大;随着经济发展水平的提高,人均CO2排放量与人均GDP的关系曲线逐渐平缓,低、中收入地区的EKC不呈倒U型,高收入地区的EKC呈不明显的倒U型。     

我国产业结构与碳排放强度的演进关系——基于“开口P型曲线”的解释

促进经济与碳排放脱钩发展已成为政府和学术界关注的焦点。在整合产业结构理论和工业化理论的基础上,提出了产业结构与碳排放强度演进的"开口P型曲线"假说,该假说得到了已实现工业化国家演进事实的数据支持。对我国二者演进关系的估算结果表明正处于"开口P型曲线"的拐弯阶段,产业结构仅有个别年份对碳排放强度起结构红利贡献,整体上是结构负担贡献。估算结果有两个政策含义一是在现有考核办法中新增碳排放总量的考核指标和相应管理办法;二是大力发展现代服务业。     

Estimating the tourism induced environmental Kuznets curve in France

Abstract

France has retained its position as the world’s favourite tourism destination. Accounting for around 83 million visitors and 4.2% of the total employment, the tourism sector in France contributes to nearly 9% of the total GDP. However, as reported by the World Tourism Organization, road and air travel related to tourism activities account for approximately 10% of the total CO₂ emissions in the atmosphere, thereby contributing to severe air pollution. Thus, initiatives are necessary to prevent environmental damage that could have a corresponding detrimental effect on the tourism industry itself and slow down the country’s economic growth. This study utilises a vector error correction model (VECM) to investigate the relationship between polluting emissions, GDP levels, and tourism flows in France to test the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the period 1995–2014. Additionally, based on a joint analysis of long-run parameters and causality links, appropriate policy strategies are proposed to promote robust and sustainable long-run economic growth.     

A New Keynesian IS curve for Australia: is it forward looking or backward looking?

This article estimates the forward looking, backward looking and an extended version of the New Keynesian IS curve for Australia. The validity of these models is investigated by imposing the constraint on real rate of interest as well as when the constraint is relaxed. Two measures of output gap, namely GAP1 (constructed using the unobserved components approach) and GAP2 (constructed using a quadratic trend) are utilized. Our results suggest that the baseline backward looking and forward looking models are overwhelmingly rejected by the data. This evidence strongly supports the extended backward looking model (with GAP2) being relevant for monetary policy analysis.     

The Beveridge curve in Europe: new evidence using national and regional data

The Beveridge curve depicts the empirical negative relationship between job vacancy rate and unemployment rate, and reflects the efficiency of the job matching process. Movements along a fixed downward sloping Beveridge curve are associated with cyclical shocks, while shifts of the curve arise from structural factors that alter the matching efficiency between job vacancies and unemployed workers. National and regional data on job vacancies and unemployment are combined to estimate the Beveridge curves of five European countries and their regions, focusing on the period 1975 to 2004. I also analyse whether shifts in European Beveridge curves are due to changes in the composition of the unemployed pool, labour market rigidities or cyclical and structural shocks. The empirical evidence suggests that changes in labour market rigidities, long term unemployment, as well as cyclical shocks are responsible for outward shifts in European Beveridge curves. I also find evidence of nonlinearities in the relation between unemployment and labour market institutions.     

Why do Most Firms Die Young?

A model is developed to explain why most firms die in the first few years of trading. A risk averse entrepreneur with initial capital endowment faces a Brownian motion in net worth over time. To balance return (profits growth) and risk (variance of profits) she adopts a portfolio strategy, choosing market positioning to achieve an optimal combination of risk and return at each instant, given her financial and human capital endowments and attitude towards risk. Failure occurs when the firm’s value falls below the opportunity cost of staying in business. The resulting distribution of failure is Inverse Gaussian, implying, for specific parameter values, a positively skewed failure curve of the type observed in practice. In addition the model presents a novel-measure of management human capital (MHC) which implies that high MHC entrepreneurs will have higher absolute and marginal profits growth than low MHC entrepreneurs at given levels of risk.     

区域金融生态约束下的金融功能评价研究

在总结已有金融生态质量研究的基础上,运用模糊曲线模型对影响山东省17地市的金融生态质量的指标因素进行了贡献度分析,进而对各地市的金融功能进行了明确的定位,指出,应以产权改革为突破口,改善金融机构运行质量,培育金融生态系统的自我调节机能,优化金融生态的运行环境。     

Reconciling the Wage Curve and the Phillips Curve

Abstract.  The wage curve is the negative relationship that links wage levels to the unemployment rate. It fits accurately with modern non-competitive labour-market models, but goes against a Phillips-curve modelling, because the latter ties wage growth to the unemployment rate. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of these non-competitive models, highlighting recent contributions that try to eliminate the possible 'gap' that exists between the concepts of the wage curve, on the one hand, and the Phillips curve, on the other.     

Thinking of Establishing Corporate Governance Model with Chinese Characteristics

After repeated comparison, we believe that the theory of building Chinese management system should be to stimulate innovation as a core, thus forming a complete Chinese enterprise culture, as well as business development and strategic choice as a means of enterprise organizational change management theories     

Patterns of historical CO2 intensity transitions among high and low-income countries

This article examines the long-term relationship between CO₂ emissions and economic development for various high-income OECD countries that, in turn, are compared with pattern for developing countries. A majority of high-income countries have experienced environmental Kuznets curve types of transitions with respect to CO₂ intensity (emissions per GDP), while the these patterns are absent in the poorer countries. Moreover, the overall historical pattern is one of convergence with respect to intensities. These observations are consistent with an explanation that takes into account includes time-specific, or vintage technology.