发展我国养老保险的思考

本文分析了现阶段养老保险中人口老龄化的压力日益加剧，覆盖范围明显过窄，已入保群体“空账运行”，养老待遇过低等问题，提出了提高退休年龄、降低缴费比率、将社会统筹基金与个人账户基金实行分账管理、让基金保值增值加快社会保障制度立法等若干相关政策建议。     

Tolerance for uncertainty and the growth of informationally opaque industries

Hofstede's [Hofstede, Geert H. 1980. Culture's consequences: international differences in work-related values. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.] cross-country psychological survey of IBM employees finds that some countries (societies) are systematically less tolerant of uncertainty, while uncertainty-tolerance is shown by some theoretic models to be essential to the growth of emerging sectors about which less is known. This paper first uses Durnev, Morck, and Yeung's [Durnev, Art, Morck, Randall, and Yeung, Bernard. 2004. Value-enhancing capital budgeting and firm-specific stock return variation. The Journal of Finance. 59(1): 65–105.] methodology to identify these informationally opaque industries. The hypothesis is then made that countries characterized by high uncertainty aversion (measured by Hofstede's indicator, and two other alternative indicators) will grow disproportionately slower in industrial sectors where information is less available. Using the Rajan and Zingales [Rajan, Raghuram G. and Zingales, Luigi. 1998. Financial Dependence and Growth. American Economic Review. Vol. 88(3): 559–586.] “difference-in-differences” methodology, which is relatively free from the endogeneity problem, the study provides robust evidence of such an industrial growth pattern in 34 countries and 36 manufacturing industries. It also shows that national uncertainty aversion is not driven by underdevelopment of financial sector, inadaptability of civil law systems, lower level of economic or human capital development, labor market inflexibility, or any of many other institutional factors. The results remain robust when religious (Catholic vs. Protestant) composition is used as an instrumental variable for national uncertainty aversion. The international evidence presented helps explain why some countries are slower in embracing “new” (vs. traditional) industries.     

Experiments in Environmental Economics and Some Close Relatives

Abstract.  It is not only the great number of papers written on environment economics that make it worth dealing with this special branch of experimental research, but the environmental problem in all its facets seems to serve as a catalyst for identifying some methodological problems of the experimental method. For this reason, we will not only try to give an overview of recent experiments in environmental economics but also add some thoughts on the methodological implications of this work. We identify three direct connecting factors for the experimental method and environmental economics. First, social dilemmas are, in many cases, at the core of environmental problems. Experiments are able to test theoretical hypotheses for individual behavior in such social dilemma situations. The second connecting factor comes from the field of applied experimental work and can be characterized as the testbedding of institutional arrangements for the solution of environmental problems. The last direct application of experimental methods to environmental economics concerns the individual evaluation of environmental resources.     

社会保障制度对财富分配的影响以及在避免贫富差距进一步加大的作用

伴随着经济的增长,贪富差距逐渐加大和财富朝少数人集中是当今社会中出现的一个现象。在本文中,我们基于财富分布是随机性的这个一般性假设,探讨了在经济增长过程中财富分布的最可几状态。通过对财富在随机状态下的分布函数的建立,证明了如果只考虑人均收入时,财富会以负指数函数的方式作为财富分布的最可几态。并且,随着人均财富的增加,贪富差距不仅不能减小,反而还有扩大的趋势,财富会朝着少数人更集中。如果不仅考虑人均收入（算术平均）,还同时考虑几何平均的话。随着经济增长的同时,由于几何平均是不能容许零或负的财富值存在,这正是社会保障系统所起到一个作用。在这种情况下,财富的分布会呈Gamma分布。在Gamma分布中,财富将集中在大多数人中,财富多或财富少的人数在社会总人数中所占的密度较小。     

企业社会绩效评价的利益相关者模式

国内企业综合评价还停留在财务综合评价阶段，所以在评价的内容上编重于企业的经营绩效而忽视了企业社会绩效的评价。而20世纪70年代以来西方学者在利益相关者理论的基础上提出了多种评价企业社会绩效的利益相关者模式，试图更确切地评价企业的社会绩效。本文将总结借鉴国外较有代表性的两种企业社会绩效评价模式，并试图在此基础上探讨适合我国国情的企业社会绩效评价模式。     

福利危机与改革路径——20世纪90年代以来的香港社会救助

作为全球最活跃的经济体之一,香港一直坚持低税制、低福利、高发展的路线,并根据自身情况建立了一套具有香港特色的社会救助制度。但是,20世纪90年代后,经济、社会等领域发生的重大变化导致这一制度面临诸多问题。为此,香港政府进行了一系列改革,改革汲取了当代全球先进福利理念及经验,在许多方面突破了单纯强调收入援助的传统救助模式,而转向一种新的具有社会投资倾向的积极救助模式。     

监狱电子政务信息安全调查及改进方案

本文针对全国监狱电子政务信息安全方面问题,采用样本法,选取全国较典型监狱进行研究,收集了当前我国监狱电子政务在信息安全方面的现状、不足等信息,并进一步研究、提出了针对硬、软件及工作人员的几点可行的改进方案。     

论社会建设的基本内涵及其重要意义

社会建设是马克思主义关于发展的世界观、方法论的重要组成部分,是中国特色社会主义理论体系关于社会进步与发展的科学立场、观点、方法。加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设是我国现阶段深层次解决社会矛盾推动社会和谐发展的必然选择。     

浅谈建筑施工安全管理

建筑行业是一种高危行业,它的管理工作更是重中之重。本文针对工程的安全管理工作,表述一下自己的见解。     

图书馆社会责任初探

文章先提出了图书馆社会责任的相关概念,然后份析了图书馆社会责任的主要内容以及图书馆在和谐社会与社会主义新农村建设中的社会责任体现,最后从个人的观点出发对图书馆加强社会责任提出几点建议。