社会资本组件对个体双元创新的作用机制研究

社会资本对个体双元创新的影响在学术界受到重视,厘清社会资本与个体双元创新的关系对有效提升企业创新能力至关重要。基于社会资本的3个维度提出3对组件(Components),即结构维度的结合网络与桥接网络、关系维度的普遍信任与特殊信任以及认知维度的共同愿景与组织多样化,探究每对组件对个体利用性创新与探索性创新的差异性影响,分析各组件缓解个体因兼顾利用性与探索性创新所面临时间冲突困境的平衡作用,构建双元兼顾的一致型和适应型社会资本理论架构,为管理者善用和慎用社会资本组件、提升员工双元创新能力提供理论依据。     

“一带一路”战略下中部六省专利实施许可网络研究

“一带一路”战略为中部地区科技创新成果转化提供了新机遇。为制定和优化中部地区跨域技术扩散政策,运用社会网络分析方法,以2015年度国家知识产权局专利实施许可备案数据为样本,分析了专利许可整体网络、跨区域专利许可网络、四大国家级自主创新示范区节点城市专利许可网络结构特征和技术类型。研究发现存在如下问题：中部六省在整体网络中处于次边缘层向次中心层过渡位置、地域结构与“一带一路”战略目标不匹配、自主创新示范区节点城市的技术扩散引领辐射作用不足。据此,提出了构建中部六省技术帮扶联盟增强科技扶贫力度、发挥区位优势搭建跨域技术扩散中介桥梁、优化示范区技术扩散评估和激励政策以及发挥技术比较优势等建议。     

内外部社会资本协同效应对企业能力的影响

内外部社会资本协同效应对企业持续发展日趋重要,梳理其对企业能力的影响机理,提出了3个假设。基于238家企业样本的实证研究发现：内外部社会资本协同效应对企业能力(市场能力、技术能力)有正向作用;当某种社会资本弱于另一种社会资本时,在两者没有达到平衡前,加强较弱的那种社会资本建设是协同效应发挥和企业能力提升的有效路径;内外部社会资本平衡度与企业能力呈现倒U型关系,平衡度达到中等偏上时企业能力最高。最后,进一步讨论了相对平衡范围。     

上市公司企业社会责任信息披露质量研究——基于沪市2008-2009年年报的分析

本文以沪市844个公司披露的2008和2009年年度报告为对象,采用内容分析法对我国上市公司年报披露的企业社会责任信息状况进行研究。本文认为我国上市公司企业社会责任信息披露总体上处于低水平阶段,政府控制型企业与环境敏感型企业披露社会责任信息的数量均高于非政府控制型企业与环境不敏感企业,强制披露社会责任报告的公司在2009年的表现比2008年要差,但是自愿披露社会责任报告的公司数量呈现出明显的上升趋势。     

非农工作经历与农民社会关系网络

采用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2008年的数据,考察非农工作经历对农民社会关系网络的影响。结果发现,相对于无非农工作经历的农民而言,具有非农工作经历的农民拥有更多的社会关系网络,这不仅在于非农工作自身的集体化作业性质相对于分散的农业生产具有更广泛的人际接触机会,而且非农工作经历调整和改变了个体拓展社会关系网络的态度和能力。采用最新发展的基于R2的夏普里值分解发现,非农工作经历对于形成农民间社会关系网络差距具有重要影响,贡献率可达8.67%,仅次于党员身份、教育程度以及性格因素位列第4。这一结果表明,在城乡劳动力资源配置出现新一轮调整、农村劳动力转移步伐缓慢甚至回流的经济形势下,政府需要加大政策力度通过各种渠道坚定不移地支持农村劳动力的非农就业。因为这不仅能够带动农民收入和农村经济发展,而且还有助构建新型社会网络的农村社会。     

The effectiveness of government spending on education and health care in developing and transition economies

Recent studies show that corruption is associated with higher military spending [Eur. J. Polit. Econ. 17 (2001) 794] and lower government spending on education and health care [J. Publ. Econ. 69 (1998) 263]. This suggests that policies aimed at reducing corruption may lead to changes in the composition of government outlays toward more productive spending. However, little empirical evidence has been presented to support the claim that public spending improves education and health indicators in developing and transition countries. This paper uses cross-sectional data for 50 such countries to show that increased public expenditure on education and health care is associated with improvements in both access to and attainment in schools, and reduces mortality rates for infants and children. The education regressions are robust to different specifications, but the relationship between health care spending and mortality rates is weaker.     

On the formation of interaction networks in social coordination games

There are many situations where two interacting individuals can benefit from coordinating their actions. We examine the endogenous choice of partners in such social coordination games and the implications for resulting play. We model the interaction pattern as a network where individuals periodically have the discretion to add or sever links to other players. With such endogenous interaction patterns we see multiple stochastically stable states of play, including some that involve play of equilibria in the coordination game that are neither efficient nor risk-dominant. Thus the endogenous network structure not only has implications for the interaction pattern that emerges, but it also has a significant impact on the play in the coordination game relative to what would arise if the same interaction network were exogenous.     

The brighter side of being socially responsible: CSR ratings and financial distress among Chinese state and non-state owned firms

We examine the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) quality ratings on the financial distress levels of Chinese enterprises by using the previously unexplored new China-specific Altman ‘Z_China Score’ in the context of CSR and data from 749 firms over the 2009–2014 period. First, we find that CSR quality ratings significantly reduce Chinese firms’ distress levels. Second, we find that the ability of CSR to reduce distress levels in non-state-owned Chinese firms is higher than state-owned ones. Finally, we find similar results when we divide the data into high-low CSR ratings and levels of distress. Our results are robust to potential endogeneities.     

Social aspirations in European banks: peer-influenced risk behaviour

We test a sample of 3,586 banks from 33 European countries to determine whether performances above or below a social aspiration level (median performance of peer banks) influence banks’ aggregate risk levels. Our results are consistent with the behavioural theory of the firm and prospect theory in that we find that bank performance below a bank’s social aspiration level is followed by increased aggregate risk, i.e. risk-taking behaviour in the subsequent year. Although under-performing banks tend to be risk-takers, large banks and banks with high aggregate risk levels tend to limit the increase in their aggregate risk levels.     

Are social entrepreneurs more risk-averse?

We have a conventional wisdom that risk-seeking behaviours are related to commercially oriented entrepreneurs. For this reason, most studies have focused on the context of commercial entrepreneurship, and thus we do not know the risk propensity of social entrepreneurs. Using the PSM method, contrary to our wisdom, we find that social entrepreneurs tend to more have about 15% risk-seeking propensity than commercial entrepreneurs.