劳动关系作为法律关系:兼论劳动法学研究的范式转换

劳动关系和劳动法律关系区分的理论更多是法外视角研究劳动关系问题的结果。法律调整社会关系或劳动关系并非是指存在先在的供法律调整的社会关系,而是指法律通过规范人的行为在当事人之间产生法律关系,该法律关系是社会关系的特殊形式;法律关系产生的过程不是寻找社会关系的过程,而是判断法律规范规定的构成要件是否具备的过程。法律调整劳动关系因此是指出现法律规范的构成要件时在当事人之间产生以一方提供依附性劳动、另一方支付报酬为主要义务的权利义务关系,也即法律意义上的劳动关系。从上述劳动关系的逻辑出发,则事实劳动关系概念需要正本清源,集体劳动关系非法律意义的劳动关系,劳动法律关系、社会劳动关系、个别劳动关系等概念无存在必要。劳动法学研究应实现从法外视角向法教义学研究并重的转换。我国劳动法的规则体系和理论体系应围绕劳动关系展开。     

A simple model of homophily in social networks

Biases in meeting opportunities have been recently shown to play a key role for the emergence of homophily in social networks (see Currarini et al., 2009). The aim of this paper is to provide a simple microfoundation of these biases in a model where the size and type-composition of the meeting pools are shaped by agents׳ socialization decisions. In particular, agents either inbreed (direct search only to similar types) or outbreed (direct search to population at large). When outbreeding is costly, this is shown to induce stark equilibrium behavior of a threshold type: agents “inbreed” (i.e. mostly meet their own type) if, and only if, their group is above certain size. We show that this threshold equilibrium generates patterns of in-group and cross-group ties that are consistent with empirical evidence of homophily in two paradigmatic instances: high school friendships and interethnic marriages.     

社会资本与妇女农民工就业

在妇女农民工从农业到非农业的职业流动过程中,社会资本是影响其流动决策的重要变量之一,对其就业发挥了不可替代的作用.但由于所拥有的社会资本量极其有限等重要因素的影响,妇女农民工基本上都属于"非正规就业",地位低下.改变这种状况的根本办法之一就是采取多种措施有效增加其社会资本的积累.     

Explorations - Introduction: Towards Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Perspectives in Economics: Why and How They May Make a Difference

The economics profession has only recently begun to include research on lesbians and gay men, but we argue that a lesbian economics has long existed, with documentation of anti-lesbian discrimination, discussion of its private and social costs, and practical work for change. This tradition, along with the newer traditions built upon work with gay men and bisexual people, provides a basis for feminists to expand work in economics on lesbian and gay issues. The articles in the symposium propose ideas for future research, for learning from other disciplines, and for creating a more welcoming academic climate.     

供应商创新性提升机理：制造商—供应商社会资本作用研究

提升供应商创新性能有效促进制造商产品创新。基于社会资本理论和知识基础观,从制造商视角出发,构建制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性的作用机理模型。通过对216家中国装备制造企业进行问卷调查,利用结构方程模型,验证制造商—供应商社会资本、制造商使能的供应商知识整合与供应商创新性之间关系的理论逻辑。研究发现：①制造商—供应商社会资本各维度对供应商创新性均具有正向作用;②制造商使能的供应商知识整合两个维度均正向影响供应商创新性;③制造商使能的供应商知识整合在制造商—供应商社会资本各维度与供应商创新性间扮演不同中介作用。结论揭示了制造商—供应商社会资本提升供应商创新性的过程机制,对制造商开发供应商创新潜能具有一定启示。     

Neutrality in arrow and other impossibility theorems

Summary. Although not assumed explicitly, we show that neutrality plays an important role in Arrow and other impossibility theorems. Applying it to pivotal voters we produce direct proofs of classical impossibility theorems, including Arrow's, as well as extend some of these theorems. We further explore the role of neutrality showing that it is equivalent to Pareto or reverse Pareto, and to effective dictatorship for non-null social welfare functions satisfying the principle of independence of irrelevant alternatives. It is also equivalent to Wilson's Citizens' Sovereignty--which is related to the intuition that symmetry over alternatives makes social preference depend only on citizens' preferences. We show that some of these results are more fundamental than others in that they extend both to infinite societies and to considerably smaller domains of preferences. Finally, as an application of Arrow's theorem, we provide a simple proof of the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem.Received: 13 April 2000, Revised: 6 December 2002, JEL Classification Numbers: D71, C70.I thank Salvador Barberá, Luis Corchón, Cesar Martinelli, Eric Maskin, Tomas Sjöström, Ricard Torres, José Pedro Ubeda, and an anonymous referee for feedback. The proofs of Arrow's theorem and two Wilson's theorems come from a note I wrote in 1987 at Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (Ubeda [16]). In 1996 Geanakoplos [7] wrote a proof of Arrow's theorem similar but not identical to mine. All work in this paper is independent of his.     

参加异地商会能抑制企业避税吗？

异地商会作为构建多元共治的社会治理新格局的重要主体,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要力量。本文以2010—2022年沪深A股上市公司为样本,考察了异地商会对企业避税的治理效应。研究发现：参加异地商会可以有效抑制企业的避税行为;机制检验结果表明,异地商会主要发挥服务会员和服务社会职能,通过缓解外源融资约束和强化社会责任意识两条路径削弱会员企业的避税动机,进而降低企业避税程度。进一步的研究发现：异地商会对于企业避税的抑制效果主要体现在税收征管力度较强、机构投资者持股比例较大和分析师关注度较高的企业中,这说明在治理企业避税方面,参加异地商会与税务部门征管、机构投资者监督和分析师跟踪存在叠加效应,即异地商会能否发挥税收治理效应取决于政府和市场机制是否有效。本文从企业避税视角丰富了异地商会的治理效应研究,从社会组织视角拓展了企业避税的影响因素文献,为促进异地商会健康有序发展、推动社会组织参与社会治理实践、健全共建共治共享的社会治理制度提供经验参考。     

大学生社会创业动机结构研究

随着全球性社会创业的蓬勃兴起和我国构建和谐社会理念与实践的深入发展,在大学生就业形势日益严峻的形势下,大学生开展社会创业,对于缓解就业压力、解决社会民生问题、构建和谐社会都具有重要的现实意义。文章基于全国466名大学生社会创业者调查数据,对大学生社会创业动机的结构进行了实证分析。探索性因子分析结果表明:大学生社会创业动机有利他动机和利己动机。利他动机包括公共利益承诺、公平正义、奉献精神三个维度,利己动机包括成就导向和控制导向两个维度。验证性因子分析结果表明:进一步证实了大学生社会创业动机五因素结构模型。研究结果可用于我国大学生社会创业动机的测量,并为今后大学生社会创业动机与各种前因后果变量的相关研究提供定量分析基础。     

Would I lie to you? On social preferences and lying aversion

This paper reinterprets the evidence on lying or deception presented in Gneezy (Am. Econ. Rev. 95(1):384–394, 2005). We show that Gneezy’s data are consistent with the simple hypothesis that people are one of two kinds: either a person will never lie, or a person will lie whenever she prefers the outcome obtained by lying over the outcome obtained by telling the truth. This implies that so long as lying induces a preferred outcome over truth-telling, a person’s decision of whether to lie may be completely insensitive to other changes in the induced outcomes, such as exactly how much she monetarily gains relative to how much she hurts an anonymous partner. We run new but broadly similar experiments to those of Gneezy in order to test this hypothesis. While we also confirm that there is an aversion to lying in our subject population, our data cannot reject the simple hypothesis described above either.

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Electronic Supplementary Material  The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.      

军民融合社会关系网络对军民融合新创企业成长的影响

军民融合新创企业是推动我国国防建设和社会经济融合发展的重要力量,军民融合社会关系网络具有丰富的异质性资源,可以有效促进军民融合新创企业成长。借鉴社会网络理论,构建以关系深度、关系广度、关系高度为代表的军民融合社会关系网络、耦合共生与军民融合新创企业成长理论模型,通过对收集的304份军民融合新创企业问卷数据进行实证分析,结果发现：军民融合社会关系网络对军民融合新创企业成长具有正向影响;耦合共生在军民融合社会关系网络与军民融合新创企业成长间发挥中介作用;创业导向显著调节耦合共生与军民融合新创企业成长的关系。