国外商业模式价值逻辑研究述评与展望

从价值角度解读商业模式已成为商业模式研究的一大主题。近年来,随着商业模式价值逻辑研究的不断深入和拓展,价值主张、价值创造、价值传递、价值获取、价值链和价值网等概念在商业模式研究中频繁出现。通过对国外现有研究的梳理,概述了商业模式价值逻辑研究的发展脉络,揭示了该类研究的阶段性特征,并展望了其未来径向。     

企业社会绩效的界定与测量研究综述

企业成功与否不仅仅依赖于其财务或(市场)绩效,还包括企业社会绩效。相对于西方学者在企业社会绩效领域研究所取得的丰富成果,我国学者的相关研究还处于起步阶段。在回顾西方学者关于企业社会绩效研究的基础上,阐述了企业社会绩效的概念发展及其测量,从而为我国学者的相关研究提供了新的研究思路和建议。     

Work productivity loss due to flares in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy

Abstract

Objective:

Joint pain and swelling during gout flares may lead to considerable morbidity and disability, having an impact on patient work productivity and social participation. The objective of this study was to assess how gout flares affect these activities in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy.

Methods:

A 1-year prospective observational study was conducted among patients with symptomatic disease in the United States in 2001. Inclusion criteria required patients (1) to be age 18 years or older, (2) to have documented, crystal-proven gout, (3) to have symptomatic gout, and (4) to be intolerant or unresponsive to conventional therapy, reflected by SUA?≥?6.0?mg/dL. Patients were evaluated every 2 months. At each visit, patients completed a gout diary, which included number of flares experienced, duration and severity of each flare, and whether the flare caused: (1) work loss, (2) missed appointments or social events, or (3) impairment of self-care activities. The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was also completed each visit.

Results:

Analyses were restricted to those who completed the first 6 months of the study (n?=?81). Mean number of flares per patient per year was 8.8. Of the patients who were <65 years, 78% reported at least 1 work day lost due to a gout attack during the year. Mean annual work day loss for those <65 years was 25.1 days. A total of 545 of patients reported at least one flare per year that impaired social activities, with a mean of 17.1 social days lost and 52% reported at least one flare per year that compromised normal self-care activities, with a mean of 16.9 days impairment. Correlations between the diary reports and activity-related questions from the SF-36 were significantly positive.

Limitations:

The study is limited by small sample size, lack of reference group, and inability to explicitly collect employment information. Age under 65 years was used as a proxy for employment eligibility.

Conclusion:

Flares in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy significantly affect patient work productivity and social activities.     

Evolution and institutional foundation of the hawala financial system

This article examines the evolution and the institutional foundation of the century-old Islamic hawala financing system. Analysis of the functional principles of this system will show that it is a highly efficient, extremely robust institutional arrangement for overcoming the risks of opportunism among the transaction partners. It is an institution that was developed against the backdrop of a lack of formal legal systems. Thus, hawala can be seen as club-like arrangements, which are able to provide the transaction parties with an institutional framework to assure enforcement of contracts without relying on any national law. Today, therefore, it is able to expand outside and independently of existing laws and regulations. It is able to move large amounts of money without recourse of the formal banking system and even without retaining any bookkeeping notes. Instead, it is based on the trust of the participating parties and its social and religious embeddedness within the Islamic community.     

管理会计在企业的应用:社会和组织内部环境的影响

本文依据系统理论、管理会计权变理论的框架,采用历史分析的方法,研究社会环境和组织内部环境对中国企业管理会计应用的影响。认为影响我国企业管理会计应用的社会环境因素主要包括经济模式、政治因素、来自国外的影响、学术界引进等变量;组织内部环境因素主要有:组织文化、员工价值观以及组织结构等变量。     

近十五年国家社科基金资助经济学项目的统计分析

本文对1993～2007年近15年间国家社科基金资助经济学项目的类型分布、时间分布、隶属系统分布、地区分布、学校分布、主持人分布等进行了统计分析,借以探讨我国经济学研究的状况.其结果是经济学仍然是我国未来相当长时期内的研究热点,经济学研究内容有很强的时效性,选题紧密围绕国家"十一五"规划的重点发展目标.经济学研究力量在系统、单位及地区的分布极不均衡,表现出很强的离散态势.     

兰州中小工业企业社会与地域根植研究

新经济社会学认为,经济活动根植于社会关系和结构中,经济过程也是社会过程,经济地理学家在区域经济发展研究中则把社会根植扩展为地域根植。我国有关中小企业地域根植的实践研究集中在产业集群和高技术开发区,而对大企业占优地区中小企业的根植很少论及。本文基于企业问卷调查和访谈,探讨了兰州中小工业企业的社会和地域根植。研究表明,由于地理背景不同,兰州中小企业网络的特征和功能较我国原发性传统产业集群有很大不同。作者认为,用根植理论分析区域发展时必须充分考虑区域情景,同时也要考虑更为宏观的要素如国家制度、区间网络和更大范围内的劳动分工等。     

我国社会保障基金管理模式构建研究

社会保障基金管理模式不仅关系到我国社会保障基金能否实现保值和增值的基本目标，而且更直接地影响到开征社会保障税后新的社会保障体系运行的效率。针对我国当前社会保障基金管理模式存在的问题．应当借鉴国外社会保障基金管理的成功经验，研究构建符合我国新型社会保障体系运行要求的社保基金管理模式。     

社会体制的历史和逻辑轨迹考察

无论是中国还是其他国家,都在不同的历史背景下建立了不同的社会体制,这为研究当代中国社会体制积累了丰富的经验。中外思想家在各自的历史条件下,对社会体制的理论和逻辑进行过深入探索,得出了很多重要结论。基于对历史和逻辑的认识,文章提出,社会体制的形成是一个历史过程,因此需要从比较长的时间来观察其变化,尽管一些突变和历史事件会对现行社会体制产生影响,但是社会体制根植于长期的历史发展之中,这其中包括人们对一些根本问题的认识也需要一个由浅到深的过程。研究当代中国的社会体制,只有与其他国家或地区开展比较研究才能深入下去。