美、德风险投资比较及启示

风险投资在其发展过程中由于政治、经济、法律、文化的差异而在各国呈现出不同的状况和特征。本文通过对美、德风险投资在资本来源、组织模式、退出机制及政策环境等方面进行比较的基础上,得出对发展我国风险投资业的启示。     

Strategic Responses of Multinational Corporations to the Opening of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: And Their Impact on Competing Developing Countries

No abstract available for this article.     

美国促进生物医药产业创新发展政策经验及启示

美国是全球公认的生物医药创新强国,产业规模及创新能力均处于全球领先位置.在分析美国生物医药产业创新发展现状特点的基础上,基于政府支持、研发创新平台、企业创新发展、临床审批机制以及创新生态环境等维度,深入探讨美国促进生物医药产业创新发展政策经验,并提出启示建议.     

金融危机下中、印纺织品对美国出口的比较研究

本文从纺织品出口总额、出口纺织产品结构、出口纺织品价格等方面对比金融危机背景下中国和印度纺织品对美国出口变化情况。研究结果表明,美国市场仍是中国和印度纺织品出口争夺的主要市场,中国纺织品的优势面临印度的威胁。因此,中国应提高纺织产品质量,在扩大出口的同时注重国内市场,通过发挥传统优势培育特色品牌,促进纺织产业发展。     

新时期的美日经贸关系及未来走势分析

美国和日本是世界上最大的两个经济体,两国GDP总和占世界GDP的40％。虽然美日双边关系对全球经济的发展依然非常重要,但总体来说,相对于其他保持强劲经济增长的贸易伙伴,美日双边经贸关系的重要性已经下降。在经济全球化和美日关系不断发展的大背景下,两国经贸关系呈现出新的特征。贸易摩擦、经济纠纷、双边渠道已经不再是两国经贸关系的主导模式,相反实现经济复苏、合作共赢、政治互信和有效的多边机制成为摆在两国政府面前的共同课题。为了实现东亚战略,今后美日同盟关系将得到进一步巩固和加强。     

日美半导体产业竞争中的国家干预——以战略性贸易政策为视角的分析

半导体产业作为高技术产业,具有明显的学习效应、外部经济和规模报酬递增效应,其良好的发展对一国的经济增长有着不可估量的潜在贡献。半导体产业的战略特征决定了其市场结构是寡头垄断的,并且仅靠市场机制来解决半导体产业发展过程中的问题是远远不够的,因此一国政府应用战略性贸易政策进行干预的动机大大加强了。作为经济大国,美日政府在半导体产业的发展中扮演着重要的角色,通过公共采购、进口关税、R＆D补贴、专利保护等方式扶持本国半导体产业,从而在一定程度上替代了企业,成为国际竞争的主体。     

Cost effectiveness of duloxetine in the treatment of fibromyalgia in the United States

Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the cost effectiveness of duloxetine when considered as an alternative treatment for patients in the United States (US) being treated for fibromyalgia pain.

Research design and methods:

A Markov model was used to evaluate the economic and clinical advantages of duloxetine in controlling fibromyalgia pain symptoms over a 2-year time horizon. A base-case treatment sequence was adopted from clinical guidelines, based on tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, anticonvulsants, and opioids. Treatment response was modeled using changes from baseline in pain severity, and response thresholds: full response (at least a 50% change), response (30–49% change), and no response (less than a 30% change). Clinical efficacy and discontinuation data were taken from placebo- and active-controlled trials identified in a systematic literature review and mixed-treatment comparison. Utility data were based on EQ-5D data.

Main outcome measures:

Additional symptom-control months (SCMs), defined as the amount of time at a response level of 30% or less, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) over a 2-year time horizon.

Results:

For every 1000 patients, first-line duloxetine resulted in an additional 665 SCMs and 12.3 QALYs, at a cost of $582,911 (equivalent to incremental cost-effectiveness ratios [ICERs] of $877 per SCM and $47,560 per QALY). Second-line duloxetine resulted in an additional 460 SCMs and 8.7 QALYs, at a cost of $143,752 (equivalent to ICERs of $312 per SMC and $16,565 per QALY).

Limitations:

Response data for TCAs are limited to 30% improvement levels, reported trials are small, and have low placebo response rates. The model necessarily assumes that response rates are independent of placement in the treatment sequence.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that the introduction of duloxetine into the standard treatment sequence for fibromyalgia not only provides additional patient benefits, reflected by time spent in pain control, but also is cost effective when compared with commonly adopted thresholds.     

浅谈中美学校教学模式的对比研究

本文运用文献参考、调查取证等方法,从陈述、比较,到借鉴的角度出发,对比分析了中国和美国学校教育教学基本特征及其差异,从而为我国学校教育教学的改革提供参考和依据。     

When east meets west: An exploratory study on Chinese outbound tourists’ travel expectations

The booming Chinese outbound tourism has attracted worldwide attention. This study attempts to examine Chinese tourists’ expectations of outbound travel products. A series of focus groups were conducted in eleven cities in China and various issues, concerns, and problems were identified related to Chinese outbound tourists’ expectations of accommodations, food and restaurants, tour guides and itineraries, entertainment and activities, and transportation. The focus group results showed that, while Chinese outbound tourists share many of the same fundamental needs and desires of all tourists, this group has particular expectations in terms of amenities and service standards. Understanding these expectations may help Western service providers better serve this market.     

Industry level analysis of tourism-economic growth in the United States

We investigate the relationship between economic growth and six tourism-related sub-industries (accommodation, air transportation, shopping, food and beverage, other transportation, and recreation and entertainment) in the United States in 1998–2017. Except for the lodging and the food and beverage sectors, no long-run relationship exists between other tourism sub-industries and economic growth. We uncover a unidirectional Granger causality from economic growth to each of the sub-industries. Causality is also found between the tourism industries but predominantly from industries providing local offerings (food, entertainment, shopping) to those delivering cross-destination goods and services. Our results suggest that tourism investment could be successful in the long-run even during periods of economic stagnation. In the short-run, however, tourism sectors could benefit from economic growth and tourism-related investment should take a cue from the general economy. Additionally, tourism-related investment and marketing efforts in the U.S. may wish to focus on the food, shopping, and leisure sectors.