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21.
中国的经济发展战略与地区收入差距 总被引:242,自引:5,他引:242
本文认为 ,当前中国大陆各省区市之间发展水平差距的主要原因在于 ,重工业优先发展的赶超战略下形成的生产要素存量配置结构 ,与许多省区市的要素禀赋结构决定的比较优势相违背 ,从而导致大量的赶超企业缺乏自生能力。基于各省区市的数据进行的实证研究与我们的假说相容。 相似文献
22.
Valuing high-dimensional options has many important applications in finance but when the true distributions are unknown or
complex, numerical approximations must be used. Approximation methods based on Monte-Carlo simulation show a steep trade-off
between estimation accuracy and computational efficiency. This article presents an alternative semi-analytic approximation
method for pricing options on the maximum or minimum of multiple assets with unknown distributions. Computational efficiency
is shown to improve significantly without sacrificing estimation accuracy. The method is illustrated with applications to
options on underlying assets with mean-reverting prices, time-dependent correlations, and stochastic volatility
The authors would like to thank the two anonymous referees, the associate editor, and Dr. Jess H. Chua at the University of
Calgary for valuable comments and insights on this research. This research was partly supported by NUS grant R-146-000-059-112 相似文献
23.
24.
In this paper I examine the market price of risk of the variance term structure. To this end, the S&P 500 option implied variance term structure is used as a proxy for aggregate variance risk. Principal component analysis shows that time variation in the variance term structure over the 1996–2012 period can be explained mainly by two factors which capture changes in the level and slope. The market price of risk of each factor is estimated in the cross-section of stock returns. The slope of the variance term structure is the most significant factor in the cross-section of stocks returns and carries a negative risk premium. The slope factor has also some predictive ability over long horizon equity returns. 相似文献
26.
In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to find the optimal static replicating portfolios for general path-independent nonlinear pay-off functions and give an estimate for the rate of convergence that is absent in the literature. We choose the static replication by designing an adaptation function arising in the error bound between the nonlinear pay-off function and the linear spline approximation and derive the equidistribution equation for selecting the optimal strikes. The numerical tests for variance swaps, swaptions, static quadratic hedges and also for a jump-diffusion process, allowing for the default of the underlying asset, show that the proposed iterative equidistribution equation algorithm is simple, fast and accurate. The paper generalizes and improves the results on static replication and approximation in the literature. 相似文献
27.
基于新技术与新知识的高技术服务业跨界融合是传统企业实现创新资源优化配置、创新研发和商业转化的重要因素。因此,运用熵指数测度全国各省区高技术服务业与资源型产业融合水平,并利用2014—2017年资源型上市公司面板数据检验两大产业融合对资源型企业两阶段创新效率的影响,同时探讨企业吸收能力的调节作用。结果表明:现阶段高技术服务业和资源型产业融合程度不高,但发展态势良好,处于从失调走向协调的转变期;产业融合对资源型企业创新研发效率短期无显著影响,长期存在抑制作用,资源型企业技术能力刚性导致对新技术的排斥,且较大的产业间认知差距削弱了产业间良性互动带来的技术扩散效应;产业融合对创新转化效率呈先抑制、后促进效应,就长期而言,产业融合具有良好的创新转化推动力;资源型企业吸收能力分别在产业融合与滞后一期创新研发效率及滞后三期创新转化效率的关系中起正向、负向调节作用,表明资源型企业吸收能力构建尚不全面。 相似文献
28.
This paper investigates the synchronization of Hong Kong's economic growth with mainland China and the US. We identify trends of economic growth based on the permanent income hypothesis. Specifically, we first confirm whether real consumption in Hong Kong and mainland China satisfies the permanent income hypothesis, at least in a weak form. We then identify the permanent and transitory components of income of each economy using a simple state-space model. We use structural vector autoregression models to analyze how permanent and transitory shocks originating from mainland China and the US affect the Hong Kong economy, and how such influences evolve over time. Our main findings suggest that transitory shocks from the US remain a major driving force behind Hong Kong's business cycle fluctuations. On the other hand, permanent shocks from mainland China have a larger impact on Hong Kong's trend growth. 相似文献
29.
The endogenous grid method (EGM) significantly speeds up the solution of stochastic dynamic programming problems by simplifying or completely eliminating root-finding. We propose a general and parsimonious EGM extended to handle (1) multiple continuous states and choices, (2) multiple occasionally binding constraints, and (3) non-convexities such as discrete choices. Our method enjoys the speed gains of the original one-dimensional EGM, while avoiding expensive interpolation on multi-dimensional irregular endogenous grids. We explicitly define a broad class of models for which our solution method is applicable, and illustrate its speed and accuracy using a consumption–saving model with both liquid assets and illiquid pension assets and a discrete retirement choice. 相似文献
30.
Masaaki Fukasawa 《Quantitative Finance》2017,17(2):189-198
The Black–Scholes implied volatility skew at the money of SPX options is known to obey a power law with respect to the time to maturity. We construct a model of the underlying asset price process which is dynamically consistent to the power law. The volatility process of the model is driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter less than half. The fractional Brownian motion is correlated with a Brownian motion which drives the asset price process. We derive an asymptotic expansion of the implied volatility as the time to maturity tends to zero. For this purpose, we introduce a new approach to validate such an expansion, which enables us to treat more general models than in the literature. The local-stochastic volatility model is treated as well under an essentially minimal regularity condition in order to show such a standard model cannot be dynamically consistent to the power law. 相似文献