清洁生产的微观动力机制探析

首先建立线性规划模型．分析了命令一控制型规制、基于市场的政策工具、以及企业自我规制三种力量在推动清洁生产中的作用机理。接着放宽模型的假设,从同业竞争者、利益相关者,市场不完全等方面对清洁生产的动力机制进行了贴近现实的思考。最后指出,解决我国企业实施清洁生产的动力不足问题,应从以上方面入手,以市场为平台,以企业自我规制为长期目标来构建清洁生产的微观动力机制。     

Removing an ‘insuperable obstacle’ in the way of an objectivist analysis: Sraffa's attempts at fixed capital *

Abstract

The paper discusses Sraffa's consecutive attempts in the late 1920s and early 1940s to tackle a problem which endangered his objectivist, surplus-based approach to the theory of value and distribution aimed at reviving the standpoint of the classical economists. Whilst with circulating capital the value transfer to the product and the physical ‘destruction’ of the input are one and the same thing, with fixed capital this is not so. Sraffa eventually overcame the difficulty in terms of the joint products-method. This allowed him to explain relative prices and the rate of profits strictly in ‘material terms’.     

Transfer sciences: management of distributed knowledge production

This paper is concerned to develop the notion of transfer science to take account of what is perceived to be the emergence of a new mode of knowledge production. The new mode which is characterised by the production of knowledge in the context of application, by transdisciplinarity, by homogeneity and organisational diversity, by enhanced social accountability and reflexivity, and by new forms of quality control. The thrust of the new mode of knowledge production is to call into question conventional notions of knowledge transfer and focuses instead on the organisational and managerial implications of the emergence of a socially distributed knowledge production system. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the policy implications of the emergence of the new mode of production. Needed in the new mode are science and technology policies which promote institutional permeability and policies which enable governments, acting through their civil service to act as brokers in the new knowledge production process. Such brokerage is necessary to enhance permeability between institutions within a particular country but also to increase co-operation and collaboration between institutions across countries.     

“单位制”城市空间的社会生产研究

作为计划经济时代政治、经济和社会体制的基石,单位制度对我国当前的社会体制转轨和社会经济转型产生了极为广泛和深刻的影响。而"单位制"城市空间生产方式构成了我国当前城市空间转型的基底,有别于理论形态的"社会主义空间生产"的规则。对"单位制"城市空间生产的研究,既是对既有城市发展路径的反思,又是对城市未来发展模式的探索,是我国城市空间转型研究的重要内容。从"空间生产"理论出发,从政治经济空间组织、计划经济资源配置方式、公有制的土地制度和重工业导向的城市经济发展路径等方面概括了"单位制"空间生产的政治经济基础,揭示出"单位制"城市空间生产方式在组织单元、政治经济功能、生产主体和功能单元、生产内容和职能、空间生产的价值倾向以及相应的空间分化形态等方面的基本特点,同时指出新的政治经济背景下,"单位制"空间生产方式的效率相对低下、城市企业主义治理下空间商品化属性凸显、空间的"使用价值"与"交换价值"悖离而导致空间冲突锐化、"空间公平"的追求的愈加重要等问题,并进而指出城市空间生产方式由封闭式的"单位制"向开放式的"社区制"转型的趋向。     

Comparative statics for state-contingent technologies

The implications of supermodularity conditions in comparative-static analysis are analyzed for a generalized version of the separable-effort representation of a firm facing stochastic prices and a stochastic technology. Previous analysis is generalized in two ways. General risk-averse, as opposed to expected-utility, preferences are considered. The stochastic technology is represented by an Arrow–Debreu state-space representation. It is shown that results familiar from the theory of the price-taking firm in the absence of risk generalize to the uncertain case.      

经济全球化中企业生产方式的转换

本文通过分析美国、日本两个世界工厂的生产方式,阐述了大规模生产与大规模定制的异同与优劣势,提出了生产方式由大规模生产向大规模定制转变的思路。同时,结合我国的实际情况分析了我国成为世界工厂的优势和劣势,为中国企业在走向世界工厂的进程中选择适合自身的生产方式,实现企业的再发展提供一些思路。     

知识企业的主导生产要素:知识资本——基于"概念格"理论的推论

伴随着知识经济时代的到来,知识资本已经替代了财务资本成为制约知识企业生存与发展的主导性生产要素,并成为知识企业生产及其效率的决定性因素。文章旨在以“概念格”理论为基础,对知识企业生产经营活动的主导生产要素进行进一步的分析和探索,以证明知识经济时代知识企业的主导生产要素是由不同经济时代的主导生产要素逐步演化而来,比起工业经济时代的主导要素已发生了根本性变革,为知识企业生产要素投入的有效组合分析、知识资本的确认与计量研究等提供理论支持。     

Why do some firms contract out production? Evidence from firm-level panel data

This paper examines the determinants of self-employment and transitions from salaried employment to self-employment using two sets of Finnish data from the 1990s. The results show that capital constraints have only a minor effect on new business starts. Human capital, in the form of intergenerational links in self-employment and psychological factors play a much larger role. The paper also provides empirical evidence that less risk-averse workers are more likely to become entrepreneurs.     

快速城镇化对山东省粮食生产的挑战

随着经济的快速发展,中国城镇化水平不断提高。在快速城镇化发展过程中,大量耕地资源被城市建设占用,大批农村劳动力进入城市,农业水资源紧张态势日趋严峻,农业产业结构调整使粮食作物种植面积不断减少,这些都对粮食生产和粮食安全产生了不利影响。因此,要协调好城镇化发展和粮食生产的关系,合理规划城镇用地,以保障粮食生产及安全。