Environinental and economic consequences of technology adoption: IPM in viticulture

The impact of integrated pest management (IPM) on pesticide use, toxicity and other environmental characteristics, yields, and farm profits is examined for grape growers. The method is generally applicable for technology adoption and accounts for self-selectivity, simultaneity, and theoretical consistency. IPM adopters apply significantly less insecticides and fungicides than nonadopters among grape producers in six states, accounting for most of the U.S. production. Both the average toxicity and the Environmental Impact Quotient decrease slightly with adoption of insect IPM, but remain about the same for adopters and nonadopters of IPM for diseases. The effect of IPM adoption on yields and variable profits is positive but only significant for the case of IPM for diseases, i.e., the adoption of IPM for diseases increases yields and profits significantly.     

Technology,market policies and institutional reform for sustainable land use in southern Mali

To identify appropriate interventions that support sustainable land use; a farm household modelling approach is applied to analyze micro-economic supply reactions to various policy measures. The modelling framework links agro-technical and economic data, and takes both production and consumption decisions into account, allowing land use and production technology adjustments in accordance with farm household objectives. Different types of farm households are distinguished on the basis of their resource endowments, savings coefficients and time discount rate. Actual and alternative (sustainable) cropping and livestock activities for different weather regimes are defined for southern Mali. The effects on sustainable land use and expected farm household welfare of adopting alternative technologies and modifying prices, transaction costs, access to credit and land taxes are demonstrated. Even with full information on sustainable technologies, strong policy interventions are required to halt soil degradation. Structural policies proved to be more effective than price policies to reduce soil degradation while maintaining positive income effects. When prices are determined endogenously, structural policy loses some effectiveness as an incentive for sustainable land use due to the effect of additional supply on local cereal and meat Prices.     

UNION EFFECT ON THE USE OF NON‐REGULAR LABOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Our paper aims at analyzing the union effect on the externalization of employment relations, focusing on how labor unions affect management's strategic use of non‐regular labor within the Korean context of industrial relations. Our study presents several interesting implications. Firstly, the unions' motivator role for managerial use of non‐regular labor is more evident than its constrainer role. Secondly, union power exerts a “U‐type” impact on the use of indirect non‐regular labor, while affecting directly employed non‐regular labor in a positive linear way. Thirdly, labor unions in large establishments are more active and influential in representing their members' interests than their counterparts in small establishments with limited financial resources. In particular, the interactive function of the union's power and union leaders' attitudinal inclinations is found to be significant in the negative direction among large establishments.     

荒地资源持续利用研究

荒地资源的持续利用应该考虑采用不同于传统资源开发的模式与思路：指出荒地资源开发中自然生态环境的退化是开发中遇到的最大的问题;对荒地资源开发中这些问题的出现进行了经济学分析．指出需求拉动、市场缺乏、价格扭曲、外部性未内化、产权不明晰及缺乏认识和短视行为等因素是荒地资源配置效率低下．引发生态环境退化的重要原因;对荒地资源价格进行估算．依据边际社会成本（MSC）定价法．指出荒地资源价格包括边际私人成本和边际环境成本两部分．并分别对剩余法、替代成本法和贴现率的选择进行了探讨．指出贴现率选择对于生态环境退化是至关重要的．提出了荒地资源持续利用的思路与模式。     

建立和完善农村地方中小金融机构:一个适应中国农村经济发展的金融制度变迁

企业规模较小甚至以农户为单位的农村经济发展,对农村中小金融机构的建立和完善提出了强烈的需求,而以政府主导的农村金融改革却成效甚微。本文从农村经济发展引发对农村中小金融机构的诱制性制度需求与政府代表的强制性制度供给两方面的分析得出:农村地方中小金融机构制度建设,是农村经济发展的客观要求,同时也符合国家的效用函数。     

房地产市场垄断、供给失灵及其治理

本文在考察我国房地产市场供求特征及其经济后果的基础上,构造了一个具有正反馈效应的概念模型。认为由房地产市场的垄断特性带来的供给失灵使得房地产潜在使用需求受到抑制,投资需求得到强化,而这两者又放大和强化了房地产供给失灵,从而解释了我国目前房地产市场房价高、房屋空置率高的矛盾现象,指出房地产问题的根源在于市场垄断下的供给失灵,并提出通过增加房屋供给和制度建设两个方面来治理供给失灵、改善房地产市场运行的政策建议。     

人民币升值带来的财富幻觉探讨

本文从我国现有的外汇管理制度和面临的特殊发展阶段及发展背景出发,指出人民币对外升值对内贬值将是我国现阶段和未来所面临的一种重要现象。人民币升值及其升值预期将带来我国外汇储备快速积累,在结售汇制度下发生货币倍增效应,给我国带来明显的财富效应;人民币对内贬值即通货膨胀扩大了我国GDP的规模和国际排名,也给我国带来了财富效应。本文指出人民币对外升值对内贬值带来的财富效应在一定程度上是一种财富幻觉,并对这种情况下的宏观经济政策提出了对策建议。     

商品供应链中修正模型研究

本文尝试利用和扩展委托代理模型来解释商品供应链,分析了供应链中各个主体的选择行为,并构建了供应链的委托代理模型,通过求解模型提出了规范商品供应链、消除逆向选择的基本思路和条件。     

新一轮土地利用总体规划修编重点及创新

新一轮土地利用总体规划在修编过程中,应根据我国工业化、城镇化的进程特点,在遵循各行各业和城镇发展规律的基础上,明确修编重点,创新规划编制理念。统筹安排各类用地,引导城乡用地合理布局,构建优美的生态环境,系统安排国土整治,注重景观设计,制作新型规划图件,建立土地规划分类并转换基数,构建图数一致的规划控制体系。同时要形成落实科学发展观,统筹协调用地观念;科学决策,保障规划的科学性和可操作性;并做好与相关规划的衔接。     

城镇建设用地节约集约利用路径选择——以泰安市为例

节约集约用地是严格土地管理的重要环节。为了既满足经济不断发展对土地的需求,又保障粮食安全对一定数量耕地的需求,同时保护生态环境,实现土地资源的可持续利用,我们必须转变土地粗放、低效利用的模式,逐步向节约集约利用的方向转化,充分挖掘现有建设用地的潜力,盘活存量建设用地,走节约集约用地的道路。推进节约集约用地,是中国国情的必然选择,是我国推进工业化、城镇化、现代化的必由之路。文章以山东省泰安市为例,分析了城镇建设用地节约集约用地的路径选择问题。