Communicating across tourism silos for inclusive sustainable partnerships

Abstract

Overcoming traditional tourism silos to develop long-term relationships with stakeholders is essential for transformational change. Adopting broader networks connects researchers to pertinent issues facing society, develops reciprocal capacities for learning, and creates inclusive sustainable partnerships. As critical tourism scholars and not-for-profit employees, we illustrate the journey of how we engaged collaboratively with diverse stakeholders, from businesses, not-for-profits and the university, to tackle issues of economic disadvantage and social exclusion. Critical hospitality and dialogue theory were adopted to provide a framework for the processes of collaboration, research, networking, and advocacy work for inclusive sustainable spaces. Drawing on our involvement with co-founding a collaborative research network, the Network for Community Hospitality, and analysis of data from two Ketso workshops and interviews with 41 network members, we present reflections on setting up and facilitating the network. In addition, two examples of collaborative Network activities are presented to illustrate the techniques and dialogic communication processes for doing critical hospitality. The article thereby contributes by providing empirically informed and reflexive understandings into the experiences of working and communicating within long-term inclusive partnerships with diverse stakeholders to create traction for positive social sustainable change.     

Globalization and the Business Schools: Toward Business and World-Sustainable Leadership

Globalization is a force that produces deep changes in business and society. Business schools face great challenges and opportunities in educating future leaders who can work across countries and cultures. This article presents some strategic issues regarding the type of education that business schools should offer from a global perspective, aimed at developing business leaders/managers endowed with knowledge, values, and cross-cultural intelligence to seek progress for their communities, their businesses, and society at large. These goals must be achieved in a world of multilevel access to education and jobs with a more equitable array of opportunities for both developed and developing markets.     

基于能值分析的黑土农业可持续发展探讨--以哈尔滨市呼兰区康金镇为例

本文运用能值分析理论对以康金镇为代表的黑龙江省耕作黑土生态系统进行研究。结果表明：2005年~2009年康金镇耕作黑土生态系统的总能值投入呈上升的趋势,工业辅助能值占总能值投入的61.8%,其中,自然资源能值占总投入的37.8%,可更新有机能的投入仅占总能值的1.6%。耕作生态系统对于购买能值的依赖使得系统的环境压力增大,环境负载率持续增长。黑龙江黑土耕作系统的净能值产出率低于全国平均水平,并呈逐年下降的趋势。生态系统能值可持续发展指数（ESI）为1.41,可持续发展潜力较大,也呈逐年下降的趋势。这些能值指标表明,农业生态系统处于传统农业向现代农业的过渡阶段,有待于进一步发展。     

Improving carbon offsetting appeals in online airplane ticket purchasing: testing new messages,and using new test methods

ABSTRACT

Voluntary carbon offsetting by air passengers could help counteract environmental damage caused by air travel. But adoption rates among air travellers are low. This study (1) develops new communication messages which counteract barriers to carbon offsetting identified in prior studies, and (2) tests their effectiveness using psychophysiological and attitudinal measures, a technique new to sustainable tourism research methodologies. Results point to low levels of traveller awareness of carbon offsetting schemes, the primary need for any message to attract the air passengers’ attention, the superiority of pictorial and short textual information as well as the identification of particularly effective content. The study makes three key contributions: (1) it highlights the critical importance of awareness raising as a precursor of behavioural change, (2) it offers tangible recommendations for improving carbon offsetting messages, and (3) it demonstrates the usefulness of psychophysiological measures for pre-testing alternative social marketing messages aimed at increasing environmentally sustainable tourist behaviour across a range of applications. Findings of considerable practical importance include refinements of current messages to increase both attention levels and emotional arousal, and the positive impact of promoting additional social co-benefits alongside environmental benefits. Future valuable research themes using psychophysiological and attitudinal measures are suggested.     

Sustainable development and hospitality education: employers’ perspectives on the relevance for graduate employability

This paper examines hospitality employers’ perspectives of sustainable development (SD) and the implications for hospitality education, particularly graduate employability. An exploratory approach is used in this research where semi-structured interviews were conducted with employers of hospitality graduates. The results established that respondents had mixed understandings of the meaning and relevance of SD. These employers are, however, gradually recognising the value of sustainability for their business. Though it is not currently a priority in terms of a critical employability skill specifically for the hotel sector, related industries seem more mindful of the implications of sustainability credentials. Thus, hospitality educators need to take appropriate actions in subject-specific areas where SD is critical to employment opportunities, creating more industry-ready graduates who are also globally aware citizens.     

对旅游的本质、动机、作用的再认识——由生态旅游引发的思考

对生态环境的关注将成为我们生活中重要的内容 ,实质上人类进行生态旅游活动正是从人本身的生存与发展需要出发的。人类初期由于对自然现象的不了解 ,产生了对生存环境的第一次恐惧。旅游在推动社会进步 ,淡化对自然的恐惧方面 ,完成了第一次历史使命。当人类对社会问题有了更深入的理解时 ,对生存环境的第二次恐惧随即产生。可持续发展原则的具体落实有助于化解第二次恐惧 ,生态旅游有利于人们环保意识的增强 ,并支配其行为习惯成自然。旅游的第二次历史使命将助推自然、人、社会形成三位一体的均衡交点。旅游的根本动机在于人类对自身行为的调整。     

Targeting,bias, and expected impact of complex innovations on developing‐country agriculture: evidence from Malawi

Agronomic analyses of new technologies are often conducted under carefully controlled research station programs or trials managed by self‐selected farmers. Oftentimes, the technologies are then scaled up with minimal evaluation under real‐world conditions. Yet, the interim step between agronomic trials and large‐scale promotion is crucial to generate evidence on the social and economic impact of technologies that is both internally valid and generalizable. The article focuses on a participatory action research program in Malawi designed to test and identify scalable technology options to intensify the smallholder sector and contribute to poverty reduction and food and nutrition security. We examine the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers testing technologies and find evidence of systematic targeting of better‐endowed farmers. After controlling for observable differences using matching and a doubly robust estimator, we find evidence of early positive effects on maize yield and harvest value, although placebo tests suggest possible selection on unobservables. We note that attention should be given to program design and household characterization to better define and improve targeting criteria, technology selection, and external validity.     

Managing conflicting goals in pig farming: farmers' strategies and perspectives on sustainable pig farming in Sweden

Industrial meat production has several negative environmental effects. Governments’ agricultural policies aim for cost efficiency combined with high environmental and animal welfare, which puts farmers in a difficult situation trying to navigate between sometimes contradictory requirements. This paper studies how Swedish pig farmers resolve or cope with conflicting goals in pig farming. We have analysed the regulations governing EU and Swedish pig farming. We have also interviewed five Swedish pig farmers about their views of the different goals of pig farming and strategies for resolving conflicts between the goals of low environmental impact, high animal welfare and enough profitability to continue farming. The greatest divide was between the conventional farmers, who emphasized natural resource efficiency, and the organic farmers who stressed animal welfare, multifunctionality and ecosystem service delivery. We suggest four strategies to contribute to resolving some of the conflicting goals: improve communication about different types of pig farming; use public procurement as a driver towards more sustainable pork production; work towards improving the Common Agricultural Policy, perhaps by implementing payments for ecosystem services or multifunctionality; and finally, decrease the total production of pork to lower the emissions per land unit.     

能源安全与经济可持续发展问题分析

由于能源资源尤其是石油资源的匮乏,能源政策逐步成为各国政治、经济、外交政策的重要部分。能源是经济增长的推动力量,并规定经济增长的规模和速度,能源安全对未来经济的发展举足轻重。制定能源发展战略,采取有效保障措施,推迟和缓解能源供给的制约,是实现经济可持续发展的关键。     

新疆少数民族人口增长对少数民族地区经济发展的影响分析

人口问题是当今世界面临的重大问题之一,人口规模及其增长速度的变化影响着社会经济的发展。新疆是边疆少数民族地区,生态环境脆弱,经济发展滞后,人口增长过快。本文以人口与经济相互影响、相互制约的关系为主线,分析新疆少数民族人口增长对少数民族地区经济发展的影响,并提出协调新疆少数民族人口增长与少数民族地区经济发展的政策建议。