日本国家创新体系的构建与启示——基于科技-产业-经济互动关系的分析

日本国家创新体系以政府主导、支持企业实现盈利、自封闭向开放转型为特征,在构建进程中围绕创新投入与产出效率、高技术产业发展水平、政策体系及经济发展趋势这三大关键要素,通过完善政策法规等制度建设促进科技创新、优化产业结构调整,实现经济高质量发展,最终构建起科技-产业-经济良性互动的国家创新体系。中国应立足于当前创新发展环境,借鉴日本国家创新体系的建设经验,在构建国家创新体系进程中注重于强调国家创新体系的开放性、促进科技与经济的纵深融合、增强科技创新与产业变革的互动等举措。     

Margin regulation and volatility

An infinite-horizon asset-pricing model with heterogeneous agents and collateral constraints can explain why adjustments in stock market margins under US Regulation T had an economically insignificant impact on market volatility. In the model, raising the margin requirement for one asset class may barely affect its volatility if investors have access to another, unregulated class of collateralizable assets. Through spillovers, however, the volatility of the other asset class may substantially decrease. A very strong dampening effect on all assets׳ return volatilities can be achieved by a countercyclical regulation of all markets.     

Evaluating and comparing salesmen's performance

The measurement and evaluation of the performance of salesmen is complicated in most firms by the situational, environmental, and personal variables involved. This complexity is further increased when management attempts performance comparisons among several salesmen or among an entire sales force. Territorial differences, multiplicity of products, and differences in backgrounds among salesmen are just a few of the factors of variability that compound management's performance measurement and evaluation tasks.In spite of these difficulties, the management process requires that the performance of salesmen be measured and compared to predetermined standards. Subjective judgements have frequently taken the place of objective analysis, particularly as to the overall or composite performance of salesmen, because of the difficulties sales managers encounter in the determination of composite measures of performance. Many have discussed the determination and use of objectives or quotas for salesmen, and some have been concerned with the development of composite measures of salesmen performance. However, most have suggested methods that require quantitative skills not possessed by many sales managers and salesmen. The application of computers to the quantitative methods that have been suggested does alleviate the computational problem but not the equally important understanding requirement. Sales personnel, particularly field managers and their salesmen, should thoroughly understand and accept the methods by which standards of sales performance are determined, in addition to the standards or quotas themselves if they are to accept evaluation against these standards [1].The purpose of this article is to discuss the various determinants of salesmen's performance and to present a practical analytical method for calculating and evaluating the overall performance of salesmen that will permit cross-comparison among all members of the sales force irrespective of differences in assignments and objectives. A hypothetical example is then presented utilizing a tabular analysis format equally appropriate for use by home office analysts or by field sales managers and their salesmen.     

论科技第三产业的概念及内涵

科技第三产业是实施“科教兴国”战略极为重要的环节,但至今关于科技第三产业概念和内涵尚不明确。本文提出：科技第三产业是指以智力劳动为主要特征、以知识技能为主要手段、以促进科技成果转化为主要目标的第三产业;科技第三产业包括科技咨询业、技术服务业和科技信息业三大行业;我国必须加速发展科技第三产业,以推动产业结构升级和优化。     

从国际论文看各地优势领域与结构

以国际科技论文(SCI、EI、ISTP)作为科技产出指标，分析我国各省市区的科学研究绝对优势领域和相对优势领域；比较部分省市不同时期科研领域相对优势的变化，探讨各地学科结构变化，并对建设优势领域提出初步建议。     

河南农业科技进步的困境、压力和对策

河南农业科技在进入农业结构提升的新阶段遇到了重重困难，加入WTO后农业科技进步面临着诸多压力。河南农业科技发展的有效对策是通过结构调整，发展质量农业，促进科技创新，把捷供发挥农业比较优势的科技保障作为农业科技进步的取向。     

促进我国民营科技企业发展的几个要素分析

伴随着经济体制改革和科技体制改革，我国民营科技企业也得到了快速发展。但同时普遍存在着认识、管理、融资、服务、人才等方面的问题。解决这些问题的对策是：解放思想，提高认识；强化管理创新，加快现代企业制度建设；大力培育和完善资本市场，建立多元化的投融资体系；建立和完善社会服务体系；制定和实施人才培养战略，加快人才培养步伐，进而推动我国民营科技企业可持续发展。     

新时期北京科技成果转化问题研究

新时期,各国经济增长乏力,美国为制造业回归正式挑起中美贸易战,国际间科技与经济竞争日益激烈。北京作为全国科技创新中心,聚集了大量的科研机构与人员、高端的创新资源与条件以及丰富的科研成果,高端科技成果的研发与转化为生产力问题一直备受关注。为系统分析北京科技成果转化的相关问题,构建了一个多因素、全链条视角的OUTME分析模型,并运用该模型对北京科技成果转化的深层次问题进行了系统分析,并提出针对性建议。     

浅议企业家与企业文化的关系——以趋势科技“4C+T”文化的形成为

在全球化竞争日益加剧的情况下,企业必须更加重视文化的作用,更好的利用文化增强企业的竞争力。在企业文化形成的过程中,企业家,尤其是创建企业的企业家本人,对企业文化的形成起着不可替代的引导作用。本文从趋势科技"4C+T"文化入手,对企业家与企业文化形成之间关系进行辩证的分析,希望能对更多的企业进行企业文化建设起到有益的借鉴作用。     

Business performance of airports: Non-aviation revenues and their determinants

Management of non-core commercial activities has become a key issue amongst the leverages for improving modern airport industry. Today airports have increased dramatically their dependence on non-aeronautical revenues, which on average account for half of all revenues with this share being highly heterogeneous across regions and airports. Using a dataset of German airports, this paper discusses the improvement of commercial revenues by exploring its determinants. Previous contributions assessed the impact of a selected set of variables non-aviation revenues. Such approach was mainly the effect of multicollinearity, as the majority of relevant variables are strongly correlated to the size of the structures. We address this issue by using ridge regression and partial least squares. Results suggest the potential conflict of non-aviation revenues per passenger and per square meter with the need to expand the number of passengers.