Can the North–South trade regime explain intra- and inter-country productivity differences?

The literature identifies North–South disparities in Total Factor Productivity (TFP), which, in turn, justify the bulk of international income differences. By building a dynamic, general equilibrium model of North–South technological-knowledge diffusion with scale-invariant growth, we extend the literature in several directions: (i) growth is driven by Schumpeterian R&D and by high and low-skilled human-capital accumulation; (ii) three trade regimes are considered; (iii) sectoral and aggregate TFP measures are computed; (iv) the extent to which the North–South trade regime explains intra-country TFP and inter-country TFP differences is evaluated. In particular, the results suggest that intra-country TFP differences increase and inter-country TFP differences fall when countries are more interdependent.     

Six Decades of Total Factor Productivity Change and Sources of Growth in Bangladesh Agriculture (1948–2008)

This study applies the Färe–Primont index to calculate total factor productivity (TFP) indices for agriculture in 17 regions of Bangladesh covering a 61‐year period (1948–2008). It decomposes the TFP index into six finer components (technical change, technical‐, scale‐ and mix‐efficiency changes, residual scale‐ and residual mix‐efficiency changes). Results reveal that TFP grew at an average rate of 0.57% p.a. led by the Chittagong, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Dinajpur and Noakhali regions. TFP growth is largely powered by technological progress estimated at 0.74% p.a. Technical efficiency improvement is negligible (0.01% p.a.) due to stagnant efficiency in most of the regions. Decline in scale efficiency is also negligible (0.01% p.a.), but the decline in mix efficiency is high at 0.19% p.a. Decomposition of the components of TFP changes into finer measures of efficiency corrects the existing literature’s blame of a decline in technical efficiency as the main cause of poor TFP growth in Bangladesh. Among the sources, farm size, R&D investment, extension expenditure and crop specialisation positively influenced TFP growth, whereas the literacy rate had a negative influence on growth. Policy implications include encouraging investment in R&D and extension, land reform measures to increase average farm size, promotion of Green Revolution technology and crop diversification.     

银行业改革、赶超与开放——基于Malmquist TFP指数的实证分析

为评估近年来中国国有银行改革、城市商业银行赶超与银行业对外全面开放5年来外资银行效率的变化,主要采取"中介法",利用2005～2010年数据对中国本土和外资银行Malmquist TFP指数及其组成部分进行了测算分解和实证分析。研究表明:改革促进了中国银行业效率的提高;城市商业银行的"赶超"战略显著提升了效率;中国本土银行的纯技术效率亟待改善;中国银行业对外全面开放后,外资银行的全要素生产率有所提高,但规模效率和技术进步有待改进;股权/资产比率等因素降低了银行效率。     

国际外包承接对我国内资企业生产率的影响

跨国外包作为产品内专业化分工在国际市场的延伸,使参与其中的国家和行业生产都得到了专业化分工的好处。作为发展中国家,我国内资企业多利用劳动资源优势参与国际分工,即以外包的承接方身份参与跨国外包。本文首次从外包承接企业角度出发,利用我国制造业内资企业面板数据,实证分析了企业承接外包对其生产率的影响。结果表明,内资企业承接国内的外包业务并不会提高企业的生产率;但是企业承接国际外包会提高企业的生产率。这说明,内资企业在承接国际外包的情况下,能够从国外的外包商那里获得相应的生产技术、工艺或者经营管理知识,从而提高了企业的技术水平,促进了生产率的提高。     

持续经济增长目标下的最优税负和税收结构调整

在经济持续增长目标下,通过识别宏观税负与经济增长的计量关系,我国最优宏观税负应为16.47%。这低于实际宏观税负水平,需要进行较大幅度的减税。根据税收影响经济增长的渠道,通过核算行业TFP,促进长期增长条件下的税收结构调整需要重点降低营业税。     

中国改革开放三十年的技术进步与经济增长——基于TFP的实证研究

假设全要素生产率（TFP）主要受技术进步的影响,中国改革开放三十年的科学技术水平年均进步率为5.1%;此外,通过计算还得出国内生产总值（GDP）、资本存量以及劳动力的年均增长率分别为9.79%、12.53%和2.27%。资本、劳动及TFP对经济增长的贡献率分别为28.45%、18.03%和53.5%。即技术进步对经济增长的贡献率约为53.5%,超过了资本、劳动两者贡献之和,所以说中国改革开放三十年经济增长的首要推动力是技术进步。     

FDI技术溢出渠道与中国制造业生产率增长研究:基于面板数据的分析

This paper analyses total factor productivity (TFP) of China’s manufacturing sector and its decomposed indexes, i.e., technological progress and technological efficiency by employing Malmquist productivity index based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. Using panel data of domestic manufacturing sector in China from 2000 to 2005, we estimate the influences of horizontal and vertical linkages on TFP and its decomposition indexes by controlling R&D and exports indexes of domestic manufacturing sector. The empirical results show that R&D and exports have a positive effect on TFP and that FDI inflows lead to positive spillovers significantly in general mainly through technological progress resulting from backward linkages; however, forward linkages have no technology spillover effect while horizontal linkages promote TFP through technological efficiency which has quite different influencing modes compared to that of backward and forward linkages. The grouping regression results also show that FDI technology spillovers have different conductive mechanisms under different technological levels, industry concentrations and export dependency indexes. Translated and Revised from Shijie Jingji 世界经济 (The Journal of World Economy), 2008, (8): 20–31     

中国地区收入差距、全要素生产率及其收敛分析

本文在测算和分析1982—2002年省区全要素生产率(TFP)的基础上进行TFP的收敛检验,并与收入(劳均GDP)的收敛模式做了对比分析。分析表明TFP解释了我国省区收入差距的主要部分;我们应用OLS、PanelData固定效应估计方法和DynamicPanelData(一阶差分GMM)方法进行收敛检验,得出的结论是:TFP与收入的收敛模式具有很大的相似性,全国范围内没有绝对收敛,只有条件收敛,但是TFP的收敛速度明显高于收入的收敛速度。三大地区中只有东部地区存在俱乐部收敛现象。而且,我国TFP与收入的收敛模式与世界范围的TFP和收入的收敛模式具有很大的相似性。     

中国城市经济增长的效率与差异

本文在利用Malmquist指数和一系列反映地区差异的统计指标对中国216个地级市1990~2004年经济增长的效率和差异进行描述的基础上,针对2000年以来中国城市经济表现出的新特点,采用因子分析和空间计量方法分析了影响中国城市经济增长的主要因素,结果表明216个地级市TFP整体呈现增长趋势,城市经济的地区差异明显且呈扩大趋势。2000年以来影响中国城市经济增长的因子强度依次为:地理位置、产业结构与市场化水平和要素投入等。     

我国水禽全要素生产率增长和贡献及区域差异分析

[目的]通过测算水禽全要素生产率（TFP）来评估水禽的投入产出效率,同时分别对比各养殖区域之间TFP的增长率及贡献的差异。[方法]文章依托全国22个省、（市、自治区）水禽投入产出数据,基于索洛残差法和DEA-Malmquist指数法分别从水禽TFP指数、TFP增长率和TFP贡献率3个角度展开分析。[结果]（1）全国水禽TFP均值为1.352,大多数地区的水禽TFP指数均大于1,山东省的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均为全国第一;（2）全国水禽TFP增长率平均值为0.19,水禽TFP贡献率平均值为120%,TFP贡献率和增长率较上一年都有所提升;（3）区域差异比较后发现,西南地区的水禽TFP指数、TFP增长率和水禽TFP贡献率的均值最大,而华中地区的3个指标均值均为全国最小,水禽的TFP区域特征呈现出“北向南移”趋势。[结论]技术进步对水禽产业发展作出了很大的贡献,说明水禽产业需要进一步加强新技术投入;突发事件一定程度上刺激了水禽产量的增长,说明不仅要预防突发事件,而且要不断挖掘突发事件后的边际效应;水禽TFP区域差异显著,要求结合区域特征分析后因地制宜施策,最终提升水禽生产要素投入效率...