农村税费改革中的乡镇财政困难问题研究

农村税费改革中凸现出的乡镇财政困难现象是规范国家与农民收入分配关系中必然要经历的一种"阵痛";解决乡镇财政困难问题绝不能急于求成,必须注意解困目标与对策的协调性.     

Edge versus center: finding common ground in the capitalization debate

A continuing debate questions whether capitalization of taxes and public services into house price occurs. The current study argues for an inverse relationship between housing supply elasticity and capitalization rates. A sample is split into houses on the interior and edge of the urban area. Capitalization of schooling and crime occurs everywhere, but it is weaker toward the edge of an urban area where housing supply elasticities and developer activity are greater. Tax results are less robust, but the capitalization rates of crime and school quality are roughly twice as strong on the interior than on the urban fringe.     

论我国所得税会计处理方法的选择——基于所得税会计准则的国际比较研究

会计制度与税收制度之间差异的协调在相当长一段时间内都将是会计理论界与实务界的热点问题。当前,国际会计准则的制定,更多受到了英美等发达市场经济国家的影响,会计信息更强调反映企业的长期盈利能力,而非限于企业短期盈利状况;相应地,其会计报告的概念基础不再采用“收入费用观”,而是转向了“资产负债观”,在所得税会计处理方法上,也强调采用资产负债表债务法。我国新发布的所得税会计准则的一个突出变化是,强调采用资产负债表债务法,是我国所得税会计准则国际趋同的一个重要体现。     

完善我国个人所得税减免问题的思考

一直以来,个人所得税是地税机关征管工作的一个重点难点,也是全社会普遍关注的问题,而在个人所得税的减免税工作中尤为突出,这不仅体现在减免税政策上,也体现在减免税管理上.本文从分析我国现行个人所得税减免税在政策和管理上存在的问题出发,提出了完善个人所得税减免税的思考.     

The Double Dividend Debate: Some Comments from a Politico-Economic Perspective

During recent years, using theoretical and simulation models there has been an extensive debate about the welfare and employment effects of ecological taxes. This paper is a comment on this double dividend debate from a politico-economic perspective. First, a graphical representation of the main results of the theoretical models developed by Bovenberg et al. is given. After some remarks on the difference between the results of the theoretical and simulation models some more general remarks on welfare analysis and optimal taxation theory are made. After this, the question of the tax base is tackled. Finally, it is asked what we can learn from this debate for environmental policy purposes.     

When are preferred shares preferred? Theory and empirical evidence

This paper demonstrates that preferred stock may arise as an optimal security in a tax-induced equilibrium. This result is driven by graduated tax schedules and by uncertainty. In a more general sense, our results can be interpreted as a template for including any security with a different tax treatment in a firm's capital structure. The first part of the paper demonstrates that the Miller equilibrium framework can accommodate more than two securities if different investor classes are taxed differently on each security and the tax schedule for each investor group is upward sloping. We then simplify the tax schedule, but introduce uncertainty, which implies the possibility of bankruptcy and the possible loss of tax shelters. The interaction of tax rates and seniority now affects the contribution of each security to after-tax firm value, as in some states the firm may not be able to pay either interest (or dividends) or even principal to its various claimholders. It is shown why and how these features, i.e. the various tax rates and seniority, determine the financing equilibrium, which is obtained by equating the expected marginal tax benefit of all securities. We demonstrate that non-profitable firms will tend to issue preferred shares whereas profitable firms will not find preferred stock advantageous in our framework. Comparative statics with respect to various tax rates are derived as well. These predictions are tested using a large sample of firms for the last 25 years. The empirical testing broadly confirms the theoretical predictions.     

Taxes,Health Care Provision and Aggregate Hours of Work†

Abstract

A recent literature has studied the role of increases in labor taxes and transfers on the evolution of hours of work across OECD countries. Much of this literature studies this issue in a one sector model. This paper develops a two sector model in order to assess various features of health care financing on aggregate hours of work. A key result is that when health care is publicly financed but rationed, the distortion on aggregate hours of work is large and independent of the tax required to finance the system. Moreover, this effect increases over time as aggregate income increases.