美国休耕制度及其对中国耕地休耕制度构建的启示

[目的]对美国休耕制度进行解读,并通过对制度文本的系统梳理和对比分析,为中国休耕制度的构建提供参考坐标。[方法]采用文献分析法和对比分析法。[结果]通过文献解读发现:(1)美国休耕立法经历了初步确立、快速发展和调整完善3个阶段;(2)美国休耕制度的政府补贴具有多元的特性,包括土地租金、成本分摊、技术援助、额外奖励和税收抵扣;(3)美国在实施休耕制度时强调计划与市场结合;(4)美国休耕制度的重心最终落脚于实现有机农业转移。[结论]根据这4项研究发现,中国在构建耕地休耕制度的过程中:首先,应逐次建构以休耕为主要内容的法律法规体系;其次,在结合多方财政系统的基础上,建立多元化、差异化、动态化、奖惩结合的休耕补贴机制;再次,需要计划和市场的有机结合,强化计划安排的同时激励农户自觉参与休耕,主动提升耕地地力;最后,休耕制度重心的落脚点应与有机农业发展的趋势相契合。     

国外董事报酬决定法律制度比较与借鉴

各国的董事报酬决定机关以及报酬委员会的组成和职权都有所不同;美国安然公司等事件的发生,促使大部分国家强化了报酬决策隔离机制,即增强了报酬委员会以及股东大会和机构投资者参与决定董事报酬的权力。我国有必要完善董事报酬决定法律制度,尤其是要建立健全相应的报酬决策隔离机制,增加股东批准和监管的权力。     

马斯洛人性理论的再认识

马斯洛倾其毕生精力为人本主义心理学奠定的人性理论基础,内容十分丰富,涉及的问题十分庞杂,是对人性问题的十分广泛和比较深入的研究与探索。我国20世纪80年代开始关注、介绍、研究马斯洛的理论,一度出现"马斯洛热"。十七大把人的问题提到了一个新的理论和实践的发展高度,人的全面发展和社会的全面进步紧密结合在一起,在新的时代背景下,有必要对马斯洛的人性理论进行再认识,运用马克思主义立场、观点和方法,客观地、实事求是地评价马斯洛的人性论,对准确理解马斯洛人性理论的内涵,整体把握马斯洛人性理论的内容,充分估计马斯洛人性理论的理论意义和应用价值具有十分重要的意义。     

Ratio Analysis Using Rank Transformation

This paper presents an alternate method for transforming financial ratios. Ratios are ranked and scaled into a uniform distribution with boundaries between 0 and 1. Conceptually, we suggest that this method solves a number of methodological problems associated with ratios, including constrained choice of regression models, ratio outliers, negative ratios, and non-normal distributions. Scaled ranks of financial ratios are also conceptually appealing because they appear to capture comparative ordinal data about cross-sectional relationships between firms.The study empirically tests scaled rank transformations by examining the association of the transformations with stock returns. Results show that models using relative ranked accounting ratios have more explanatory and predictive power than untransformed, log-transformed and square-root transformed ratios.     

陕北公众生态文明理念及消费行为调查分析

陕北矿产资源富集区生态文明建设是一项系统工程。公众对生态环境的高度重视是生态文明建设的重要动力。调查数据表明：公众的生态理念有所树立,但不够深刻,在日常的商品消费中仍以关注商品本身为主,而为生态环境支付成本的意愿还有待提高。     

基于动态AHP的企业信息化水平评价——江苏沙钢集团信息化水平案例研究

文章运用动态AHP方法研究企业信息化的发展过程,并结合江苏省沙钢集团企业信息化发展的案例,根据信息化五阶段模型,判断该企业信息化所处的发展阶段,继而对沙钢集团信息化发展提出战略性建议。希望不仅对沙钢集团有指导和推动作用,对其他企业的信息化发展也有启示和帮助。     

Probability theory in fuzzy sample spaces

This paper tries to develop a neat and comprehensive probability theory for sample spaces where the events are fuzzy subsets of The investigations are focussed on the discussion how to equip those sample spaces with suitable -algebras and metrics. In the end we can point out a unified concept of random elements in the sample spaces under consideration which is linked with compatible metrics to express random errors. The result is supported by presenting a strong law of large numbers, a central limit theorem and a Glivenko-Cantelli theorem for these kinds of random elements, formulated simultaneously w.r.t. the selected metrics. As a by-product the line of reasoning, which is followed within the paper, enables us to generalize as well as to bring together already known results and concepts from literature.Acknowledgement. The author would like to thank the participants of the 23rd Linz Seminar on Fuzzy Set Theory for the intensive discussion of the paper. Especially he is indebted to Professors Diamond and Höhle whose remarks have helped to get deeper insights into the subject. Additionally, the author is grateful to one anonymous referee for careful reading and valuable proposals which have led to an improvement of the first draft.This paper was presented at the 23rd Linz Seminar on Fuzzy Set Theory, Linz, Austria, February 5–9, 2002.     

我国居民消费与经济增长的实证分析

消费对经济增长具有重大作用,居民消费作为消费需求的主体,其重要性更不能忽视。在面临金融危机的背景下,我国急需将经济增长从投资、出口转变为消费、投资、出口协调拉动。通过对1978——2008年的年度数据,对居民消费和经济增长进行实证分析,得出两者具有长期均衡关系,两者为双向的格兰杰因果关系;通过建立误差修正模型,得出两者短期之间的动态关系。最后,针对扩大内需提出四点建议。