粤港澳大湾区创新生态系统内部耦合时空演化及空间收敛分析

在构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局下,高效协同的区域创新体系有助于将粤港澳大湾区三地建设成为具有全球影响力的科技创新中心。通过构建创新生态系统综合评价指标体系,采用耦合协调模型和空间计量模型,实证检验大湾区10个城市2007-2019年创新生态系统内部耦合协调水平、时空跃迁特征以及收敛性。研究发现,大湾区整体及各城市耦合协调度呈上升趋势,基本实现从失调衰退区到协调过渡区的转化,具体可划分为4个等级层次;大湾区创新生态系统协调耦合度存在显著的绝对β与条件β收敛趋势,即最终收敛于同一稳态水平,且城市间差距逐渐缩小。其中,经济发展水平、对外交流水平、人力资本水平对创新生态系统协调耦合度起显著正向作用。     

Culture,financial crisis and the demand for property,accident and health insurance in the OECD countries

Culture has been known to play an important role in explaining differences in consumption behaviour across countries. Yet, we know very little how it affects spending on non-life insurance products. This paper attempts to shed some light on how cultural characteristics impact the demand for property, accident and health insurance, focusing on the OECD countries in the period 2000–2017. We find, via the system generalized method of moment estimations, that cultural characteristics such as individualism, long-term orientation, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance were the drivers of the expenditure on property insurance, whereas long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance and hypometropia explained accident and health insurance spending across the OECD countries. In the presence of the global financial crisis, cultural effects on property insurance spending turned out to be relatively minor, with the exception of individualism. These findings provide valuable information for non-life insurance companies, consumers and policy makers in the OECD countries.     

“Money can’t buy me land”: Foreign land ownership regime and public opinion in a transition society

In recent years, as part of the broader policies of economic liberalization, the sale of agricultural land to foreign citizens has attracted considerable political, social and media attention in transition societies. The regime of land ownership in Georgia has evolved from the complete restriction of foreign acquisition in the beginning of the 1990s, to the unrestricted sale of land to foreign citizens from 2010 onwards. An analysis of newly-available data from International Social Survey Programme’s (ISSP) National Identity module suggests that respondents in Georgia, along with Russia, hold the most negative attitudes toward selling land to foreigners compared to other countries. I hypothesize that this is the result of a confluence of factors such as the communist legacy, historical memory, rural nationalism, agricultural underdevelopment and inequality. The quantitative part of this article tests socio-demographic, geographic, ideological, and identity-based explanations of within-country variation in attitudes toward the purchase of land by foreigners. The results suggest that socio-demographic and geographic variables such as respondents’ age and regional belonging explain some variance in the dependent variable, but that the major effects stem from individuals’ perceptions of economic protectionism, xenophobia, and ethnic national identity.     

集群——国外家具产业发展的经验与启示

根据国外家具产业的发展经验，集群是家具产业发展的共同选择之一。究其原因，与家具产业的特性密切相关：家具产业的发展必须顺应潮流而动，并需要众多配套供应和相关服务，对技术要求也越来越高。要推动我国家具产业发展，有必要借鉴国外家具产业发展的经验，加大对家具产业集群的扶持力度，以集群作为家具产业发展战略的重点之一。由此，政府要致力于制度和环境的改善，为集群的形成和良性发展创造有利的外部环境和健康的内部机制；要充分发挥龙头企业的“羊群效应”，鼓励和推动集群内企业的分工与协作；并始终把创新作为集群保持长久竞争力的不变法则。     

发达国家林产品绿色政府采购政策兴起及发展趋势

回顾了英国、新西兰、丹麦、法国、日本等发达国家的林产品绿色政府采购政策兴起及其历程,并对未来发展趋势进行分析。虽然实施时间比较短,林产品绿色政府采购政策的实施效果尚难以得到准确评估,但从长远来看,实施林产品绿色政府采购政策将促进林产品的合法交易和相关国家木材的可持续发展,具有较好的发展前景。另一方面因国情不同,木材贸易现状各异,目前各国对林产品绿色政府采购政策分歧较大。中国作为木材贸易大国,对此应加以重视。     

Debt,seigniorage, and the Growth Laffer Curve in developing countries

The endogenous growth literature established the existence of an inverted-U curve between taxes and economic growth, namely a Growth Laffer Curve, but empirical evidence on this relationship in developing countries is rather limited. Given that seigniorage and public debt are also important means of financing public spending in these countries, we take into account in this paper their respective impacts on growth, as they might deform the existing relationship between taxes and growth. To this end, we develop a growth model with public investment as the engine of perpetual growth, and look for the effect of debt, tax and money financing on economic growth. We study in particular the way fiscal and monetary policies deform the Growth Laffer Curve in developing countries. An empirical section based on a panel of 100 developing countries over the period 1980–2010 provides both OLS-Fixed Effects and GMM-system estimations that support our theoretical conclusions, namely the existence of Growth Laffer Curves indexed by the levels of debt and of seigniorage.     

The Internationalization of Spanish- and Portuguese-Speaking Banks

This article investigates which variables affect the location choice of banks from Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries in their process of internationalization. The article compares the differences in these variables for public and private banks. The sample consists of 141 banks operating in 58 countries. Results show that internationalization is undertaken by the largest banks, which preferably choose countries with similar language, close to the home country, and with the most opportunity for growth. Additionally, the effects of certain explanatory variables on the probability of expanding to a given country are different for public and private banks.     

Do contagion effects exist in capital flow volatility?

The cross-border transmission of a financial shock has been a subject of rich literature. While a large number of studies have focused on the phenomenon of strong co-movements of asset prices and capital flows in the event of financial stress, very few discussed the contagion or spillover effects in terms of capital flow volatility. This paper is one of the first attempts to assess, empirically, whether or not there is a global and regional spillover effect in the volatility of capital flows to emerging and developing countries. Based on the sample of 49 emerging and developing countries for the period 1980–2009, the empirical results suggest strong and significant contagion effects in the volatility of capital flows to individual economies. The magnitudes of contagion vary depending on the type of capital flows, whether it is foreign direct investment (FDI) or portfolio and other investment (mostly bank lending). The findings also suggest the volatility dynamics of gross flows is different from that of net flows. The volatility of net inflows is more exposed to intra-regional contagion compared to that of gross inflows.     

西方国家解决住房问题的历史经验及对我国的启示

文章认为,在历史发展的不同阶段,西方国家曾经采取过一系列有针对性的住房政策,在解决住房问题方面收到了良好的效果,总结其成功经验,可以在政策指向、制度建设和市场监管等方面得到有益的启示,并从发挥市场和政府双重作用、完善住房供应制度、建立个人信用系统、完善相关法律和强化监督等方面,促进我国住宅市场的健康发展。