中国城乡基本养老保险非均衡发展分析——基于2013年31省数据实证分析

从3个维度选取15个反映2013年城乡基本养老保险制度财务可持续和地区经济发展水平的指标,利用主成分分析法对2013年我国各省市城乡养老保险发展状况进行研究。结果表明,东部省份的地区 GDP 和城镇职工基本养老保险基金可持续性表现较好,西部省份在城乡居民养老保障水平和城乡居民社会养老保险财务可持续上表现良好。西部与中东部省份的差距在缩小,西部省份内部差距明显。研究发现,地区经济发展水平、地区人口结构老化和财政支持力度是影响制度财务可持续的直接原因,而地区发展失衡的根本原因在于统筹层次过低,因此,解决地区非均衡发展的牛鼻子在于打破利益藩篱,尽快提高统筹层次。     

Participants' perceptions on the role of facilitators using Group Decision Support Systems

The impact of facilitation upon group meetings has been a topic of research and debate for over 40 years. However, with the emergence and increasing usage of Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS), the role of facilitators is once more being addressed. Facilitators aim to substantially increase the effectiveness of group working, making meetings more productive and efficient through the management of both content and process. However, while the benefit that facilitators can bring is acknowledged, developing the necessary skills and techniques is more problematic. There are few manuals for would-be faciliators to draw upon, and much of their ability is acquired through experience. This article therefore attempts to increase the knowledge available and to provide facilitators with some practical suggestions. The research focuses on a series of interviews with group members (participants) who had used a particular GDSS—Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA)—for organizational decision making. From the analysis of the interviews, a number of reoccurring issues were identified which are presented as a set of learning points. These cover not only the workshop/meeting itself, but also the pre-workshop and post-workshop stages. The article also reflects on the impact which these identified learning points have on design and future GDSS development.     

Modeling and supporting task-oriented group processes: Purposeful complex adaptive systems and Evolutionary Systems Design

Evolutionary Systems Design (ESD) is a universal general problem solving, formal modeling, design framework for purposeful complex adaptive systems (PCAS) and processes, i.e., task-oriented group processes. These processes constitute policy making, group decision, negotiation, and multiagent problem solving with human and/or artificial agents. ESD is also a framework for computer group support systems (GSS) that support these processes. The ESD general framework can be applied to define and solve specific problems. In this article the ESD framework is presented and illustrated by example. The article provides background for ESD computer implementations discussed in two other related articles (Lewis and Shakun 1996; Bui and Shakun 1996).     

对饭店组织发展、演进的经济学分析

本文首先指出了交易成本理论在解释饭店组织发展、演进时的不适用性；然后提出了饭店组织成因的一般规律性解释，并进一步提出，分工深化、权力分离、市场容量等因素的共同作用最终导致了饭店业中饭店组织的发展和演进。     

Planning considerations for cultural tourism: a case study of four European cities

Utilising the information gathered in four European cities, this paper discusses and tests a framework of reference for visitor-friendliness, a complex concept that encapsulates the main dimensions of the urban tourism product such as its quality, accessibility and image projection. This concept is particularly relevant to assess whether investments in culture and hospitality genuinely respond to the impulses coming from the market. The case studies highlight how specific soft elements of the urban tourism product are the ones that matter most in determining the attractiveness of a city for international visitors, and yet they are often overlooked by city planners. The paper also identifies a number of “best practice” in tourism management.     

Prospects and problems in modeling group decisions

This paper summarizes some of the major issues related to group decision modeling. We briefly review the existing work on group choice models in marketing and consumer research. We draw some generalizations about which models work well when and use those generalizations to provide guidelines for future research.     

中国城市：金融中心的定位研究

近年来，国内外城市在定位金融中心方面竞争十分激烈。本文在评论金融中心定位相关文献后，提出金融中心定位的竞争力理论和具体定位思路及方法。在利用模糊曲线模型对金融中心定位的假设进行经验验证时发现，影响金融功能的因素根据重要程度依次为：国内外金融资本数量、国际金融产业聚集、科技竞争优势、经济区位便利度、生活环境优势、国内金融产业聚集、金融业人才规模、法制健全程度、科技产业发展、航空基础设施状况等。利用相关方法计量出中国43个主要城市的金融功能竞争力指数，根据指数大小大致判断：上海、北京为全国性金融中心；广州、青岛、厦门、武汉、大连、重庆、西安可定位为区域性金融中心。这些结论有的验证了目前理论和实践界的定性判断，有的则对目前理论界和实际部门的定性判断提出了挑战。因此，本文的方法和结论对于金融中心定位具有重要的方法论意义和决策参考意义。     

论国际金融体系改革与布雷顿森林机构重塑

论文在回顾了国际金融体系改革主要历程的基础上探讨了现存体系的核心缺陷,并对已经进入改革日程的一些议题上存在的分歧意见进行了分析。论文认为,由于发达国家和发展中国家存在着巨大的利益差异,短期内在核心内容的改革上将难以取得突破,但是在已经提上议事日程的改革领域,将有可能取得进展。20国集团对国际金融体系改革的推动是令人鼓舞的信息,中国将为推动改革做出越来越多的贡献。     

中原城市群生态环境保护的技术整合研究

通过生态工程技术来维护与提高城市群生态环境质量,是未来城市与区域发展的新理念,也是城市群可持续发展的基本支撑。在对中原城市群生态环境的现状问题分析的基础上,对中原城市群的生态环境的技术整合进行了研究。针对当前出现的生态环境问题,运用生态防护林地技术、自然保护区技术、生态园区设计技术、水源地保护技术、市区绿地系统规划技术、文物古迹保护技术、环境影响监测评价技术等进行整合,可为壮大中原城市群地区的生态资源与保障生态安全提供技术支撑。     

我国大城市主城-郊区居住空间分异比较研究——基于GIS的南京实证分析

在对实证城市居住空间分异现状分析的基础上探寻城市居住空间分异影响因素及这些因素的作用机理。鉴于城市居住空间分异在主城及郊区等层面表现出不同的特征,文章运用GIS的空间分析方法分别对南京市主城区及郊区居住空间分异的现状进行比较分析。主要结论有:主城和郊区住宅板块在区位价值、容积率、绿化率、建筑年代、建筑面积等指标上都有差异存在,显示出主城与郊区居住板块之间在发展方式、成长规律、表现形式上的差异。随着居住郊区化和新城居住空间结构的变化,南京市城市居住空间结构表现出新的特征。文章选取我国副省级城市南京为实证研究对象,对我国住房转型期大城市居住空间分异现状进行个案研究,其城市居住空间分异的规律及结论具有一定的示范意义。