不同质量水平下的总质量成本研究

质量成本(COQ,Cost of Quality)是衡量提高质量活动的效果和效率的标准.COQ模型在质量成本研究中起着重要的作用.基于"6σ管理"中"持续改进"的思想和方法,用"kσ"作为质量水平(QL,Quality Level)的度量,笔者得到了不同质量水平下的动态总COQ模型.进而,还提供了不同质量水平下的总质量成本曲线.     

加强建筑企业职业健康安全管理之我见

无论从建筑企业自身,还是行业发展;无论是近期生存还是长远发展,建立有效的职业健康安全管理体系,可有效保护建筑业劳动人员的健康安全,完善中国社会主义市场经济运行机制,促进社会稳定、经济健康发展。     

Accounting for the business cycle: Nominal rigidities, factor heterogeneity, and Austrian capital theory

An Austrian interpretation of the New Keynesian small menu cost model of the business cycle is proposed. Austrian and New Keynesian business cycle theories share the feature that the cycle is generated by rigidities which prevent the economy from adapting instantaneously to changing conditions. Austrian business cycle theory is capital-based, focusing on credit expansion which artificially lowers interest rates and causes an investment boom and unsustainable business expansion. In contrast, the New Keynesian small menu cost model of the business cycle is based on nominal rigidities which prevent markets from clearing. Small menu costs introduce dichotomous behavior, where firms find it locally optimal to avoid instantaneous output price adjustments in the face of the cost, but this local optimum results in economy-wide output and employment fluctuations which are much greater in relative magnitude. The small menu cost model of the business cycle is extended and reinterpreted in light of Austrian business cycle theory with heterogeneous, multiply-specific capital, thus providing a rigorous formalization of the Austrian business cycle. The Austrian interpretation of this New Keynesian model fortuitously addresses several of its shortcomings. JEL classification B53, E12, E23, E32     

高校教育成本核算影响因素探析

高校教育成本核算既是满足高等教育不同投资主体对投资回报的客观需要,也是合理建立高等教育成本分担机制的必然选择,但因各种因素的制约,我国目前高校教育成本核算工作尚未有效的开展。本文在阐述教育成本相关理论及框架结构的基础上,从高校自身认识、宏观制度和微观技术性等方面,对影响高校教育成本核算的因素进行了分析,并提出了高校教育成本核算的措施。     

采购物流管理及成本控制

采购物流是企业的基础物流，文章系统介绍了采购物流管理的内容．重点从采购计划的制定和商品采购实施两个阶段对采购物流进行成本分析，针对企业采购物流流程，全方位、多环节入手提出了成本控制的具体方法．指出了采购监控的重点，具有较强的实用价值和可操作性。     

论企业物流成本管理

进入21世纪后,企业通过在生产领域降低成本获得竞争优势的空间已非常狭小,无疑,物流管理成为当前企业最重要的竞争领域。文中通过对企业物流成本现状进行分析,提出加强物流成本管理、降低流通费用、建立科学的物流成本核算体系的方法,从企业综合管理角度和物流方向各环节进行物流成本管理和控制,以获取市场竞争优势。     

The conservative equal costs rule, the serial cost sharing rule and the pivotal mechanism: asymptotic welfare loss comparisons for the case of an excludable public project

We examine the asymptotic behavior of two strategyproof mechanisms discussed by Moulin for public goods – the conservative equal costs rule (CER) and the serial cost sharing rule (SCSR) – and compare their performance to that of the pivotal mechanism (PM) from the Clarke–Groves family. Allowing the individuals’ valuations for an excludable public project to be random variables, we show under very general assumptions that expected welfare loss generated by the CER, as the size of the population increases, becomes arbitrarily large. However, all moments of the SCSR’s random welfare loss asymptotically converge to zero. The PM does better than the SCSR, with its welfare loss converging even more rapidly to zero.     

我国企业应用作业成本法面临的问题及对策

随着高科技在企业中的应用、市场竞争的加剧和顾客需求的多样化,作业成本法在我国企业应用的客观条件越来越成熟,对其展开的理论研究也必然有着广阔的空间和潜力。笔者从探讨应用作业成本法的实现途径与寻求解决作业成本法应用环境中存在问题的可行办法入手,以期对作业成本法在我国企业的应用有所帮助。     

基于价值链思想的作业成本法研究

首先,论述了基于价值链思想的成本管理方法如何弥补传统成本管理方法存在的诸多局限性;而后,对基于价值链思想成本管理的具体应用——作业成本法(ABC)进行研究,对其传统模型加以改进;同时,对存在的主要问题构建简单数学模型加以解决。     

On the cost-benefit of the regionalisation of the National Health Service

In this paper we analyse in formal terms the desirability of the regionalisation of a National Health Service. The policy consists of a devolution process, i.e. the increase in the health services provision to be decided by a region and financed by an increase in its revenues. The change is a marginal one, as it regards the part of supply of the health services exceeding a minimum standard, which for purposes of equity is maintained uniform in the national territory. As the central government is responsible for this component of the provision of health care (a federal “mandate”), the level of the said component is chosen by this authority and financed by federal taxation. Moreover, the government also applies an equalisation scheme based on the difference between a standard level of tax revenues and the revenues which the region is deemed able to raise for this purpose. Within the theoretical context of welfare improving reforms with distortionary taxation, we derive two conditions which focus on the regional, as well as the social, convenience of regionalisation. Received: May 5, 1999 / Accepted: January 21, 2000