The Nested PIGLOG Model: An Application to U.S. Food Demand

A new demand system is introduced, the Nested PIGLOG model, nesting thirteen other demand systems including five that are also new. This new model and its nested special cases are applied to models of U.S. food demand that include food-at-home (FAH), food-away-from-home (FAFH), and alcoholic beverages. Although nested tests and out-of-sample forecasting performance favor generalizing models to a certain degree, statistically insignificant improvements to in-sample-fit and even poorer out-of-sample forecast accuracy undermine further generalizations. Based on a subset of preferred models, FAFH is found to be price and income elastic compared to FAH which is price and income inelastic.     

计算机网络优化探讨

该文从校园网的网络瓶颈、设备、技术、安全等方面论述了如何对现有网络进行优化，有效利用带宽，避免不必要的速度损失等方面的问题。     

施工项目的成本控制--信誉付款

施工企业的资金大都匮乏，由此对施工项目的管理带来了一定的困堆，同时也带来了一定的风险，如何进行施工项目的成本管理，如何降低施工项目管理的风险一直是施工企业管理者关注的问题。     

Sunspot fluctuations in dynamics with predetermined variables

Summary. In this paper, I study the existence of Sunspot Equilibria in a general framework whose dynamics allow for the presence of predetermined variables in the system. The main motivation for this research comes from the fact that previous studies did not allow for such predetermined variables which, nevertheless, appear quite naturally in economic models. I show, for a non-negligible subset of dynamics with predetermined variables verifying usual assumptions, the existence of Stationary Sunspot Equilibria fluctuating between an arbitrary finite number of states arbitrarily close to a steady state. Received: March 1, 1995; revised version September 18, 1996     

民营企业党建与企业文化塑造的整合研究

该文认为，随着民营经济在国民经济中地位的迅速提高，民营企业党建工作日显重要。在实战中民营企业党建工作可以从塑造先进企业文化的角度切入，实现民营企业党建工作与民营企业文化塑造的整合，以便最有效地促进企业经济的健康发展。     

数字图书馆建设中的问题与对策

简述了数字图书馆的概念及特征，分析了我国数字图书馆建设面临的主要问题，提出了加快数字图书馆建设的对策。     

沙可夫的领导艺术

作者对战争年代中国卓越的无产阶级文化战士沙可夫的领导艺术进行了深入的分析和高度的概括：沙可夫在极其恶劣的环境下，以高度的政治智慧、精湛的业务能力和高尚的品质出色地领导了苏区、延安和晋察翼边区的文化事业和戏剧运动，给后人留下许多宝贵的精神财富和无价的启示。     

Probability theory in fuzzy sample spaces

This paper tries to develop a neat and comprehensive probability theory for sample spaces where the events are fuzzy subsets of The investigations are focussed on the discussion how to equip those sample spaces with suitable -algebras and metrics. In the end we can point out a unified concept of random elements in the sample spaces under consideration which is linked with compatible metrics to express random errors. The result is supported by presenting a strong law of large numbers, a central limit theorem and a Glivenko-Cantelli theorem for these kinds of random elements, formulated simultaneously w.r.t. the selected metrics. As a by-product the line of reasoning, which is followed within the paper, enables us to generalize as well as to bring together already known results and concepts from literature.Acknowledgement. The author would like to thank the participants of the 23rd Linz Seminar on Fuzzy Set Theory for the intensive discussion of the paper. Especially he is indebted to Professors Diamond and Höhle whose remarks have helped to get deeper insights into the subject. Additionally, the author is grateful to one anonymous referee for careful reading and valuable proposals which have led to an improvement of the first draft.This paper was presented at the 23rd Linz Seminar on Fuzzy Set Theory, Linz, Austria, February 5–9, 2002.     

Business communities in the European confectionery sector: A U.K.-Finland comparison

This paper is based on the early stages of an international collaborative project investigating the structural changes of the confectionery sectors in Finland and the U.K. over the past two decades. An institutional perspective is used to extend conventional understandings of industries via the development of the sector concept. The network and community constructs are shown to be important devices for understanding the institutional character of a sector. Accordingly, the paper reveals the similarities and differences between the two national examples. An explanation is offered of the way domestic networks persist in both countries while contrasting community profiles are apparent.     

析环境审计对ISO14000的借鉴

ISO14000环境系列标准和环境审计的关系如何，尤其是环境审计中如何借鉴ISO14000的问题，尽管受到广泛关注但始终未得到认真的研究和解决。本文以近年来对该问题研究的结果为背景，对环境审核与环境绩效审计之间的关系进行辨析，在此基础上提出环境审计应该从评价标准和最佳实务支持两方面对ISO14000进行借鉴。