WTO在中国快递业制度变迁中的作用:一个文献综述

本文选取了中国经济中至关重要的快递业作为研究对象,中国在加入WTO协议中对原本包含在国内邮政业中的快递业作出了相关承诺①,这势必对我国快递业产生全方位的影响。因此,笔者首先对中国入世前后关于快递业预测和发展的相关文献进行综述,其次对中国快递业发展做一简要的回顾性概述,再次从制度变迁的角度对快递业发展进行理论解释的文献梳理,最后是全文的总结。     

The Effects of Consumer Bliss on Welfare Economics

Some developed countries have sought to counteract what they see as unfair competition faced by their domestic industries arising from the employment of child labor in the production of consumer goods in developing countries by including a "social clause" in the World Trade Organization (WTO) charter. Many people and civil society organizations in developed countries are also genuinely concerned with child labor employment purely on humanitarian grounds. In this paper we have argued that a more appropriate approach to tackle the child labor problem would be to facilitate acceleration of growth in developing countries through greater, not less, integration of these countries into the world trading system. We have also argued that directing development assistance for improving institutions and social infrastructure would be more effective than trade sanctions.     

On the determinants of trade in services: evidence from the MENA region

This article examines the determinants of aggregate flows of service trade in MENA countries using an adapted version of the gravity model and a panel data set covering the 2000 to 2009 period for 21 countries and 10 sectors. A new determinant of trade performance is introduced: the number of bound commitments undertaken by a sector in the WTO as well as the availability of those commitments by mode of supply. The results show that being a WTO member boosts trade in services. In addition, the number of bound commitments increases exports, imports and trade in services. This positive and significant effect remains robust even after controlling for several econometric issues, namely, the selection bias related to the WTO membership and the endogeneity of commitments.¹1. We are grateful to the editor Mark Taylor and two anonymous referees for providing valuable comments and suggestions. We would also like to thank the participants to the ERF 18th Annual Conference and to the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Middle East Economic Association (MEEA). This work benefited from the financial support of Economics Research Forum (ERF). It does not reflect the Forum’s opinion.     

WTO背景下扩大黑龙江省对俄产业内贸易规模的对策研究

近年来中俄双边贸易增长迅速,其中黑龙江省连续多年对俄贸易额占我国对俄贸易总额的25％左右,是全国对俄贸易第一大省。俄罗斯加入WTO之后,市场正式与世界经济接轨,市场环境进一步规范化,经济竞争力进一步提升。这将给中俄经贸合作带来新的机遇,同时也使两国的合作面临新的挑战。中俄贸易以互补型产业间贸易为主,限制了中俄经贸合作的深度和广度。因此,随着俄加入WTO,黑龙江省应及时调整对俄经贸合作的战略、结构和模式,抓住机遇,迎接挑战,努力寻找新的增长点,搭建新的互认互惠桥梁,实现互利共赢、共同发展。其中,产业内贸易开拓了一条实现中俄双边贸易利益的新途径。     

Emerging Powers in WTO Negotiations: The Domestic Sources of Trade Policy Preferences

In the current round of multilateral trade liberalization, emerging powers such as Brazil and India created the G-20 coalition and refused to accept further tariff rate reductions for industrial products before the United States and the European Union made reciprocal concessions in agriculture. This article examines how and why Brazil and India have taken a more offensive and proactive position at the World Trade Organization (WTO). Following Putnam's two-level games approach, I focus on domestic factors and specifically on interest groups to explain actors' policy preferences in WTO negotiations. From a theoretical perspective, the case studies Brazil and India lend credit to the literature discussing the impact of powerful, sector-specific interest groups on governments' trade policy preferences. From an empirical perspective, the findings show how these two countries translated these demands into government positions and influenced WTO outcomes as agenda-setters and coalition builders.     

WTO争端解决机制专家组职权范围实证研究

本文围绕WTO争端解决机制专家组管辖范围这一主题,就WTO专家组或上诉机构所适用和发展的相关规则进行实证分析。通过对大量关于DSB专家组程序相关案例的相似点和不同点进行比较,总结专家组在各类案件中针对相关规定理解和运用的不同标准,目的在于对成立专家组的请求的条件（主要体现在DSU第6.2条中）进行研究。之后通过对中国作为申诉方参与WTO争端解决活动的实践经验,分析中国的诉请因是否符合DSU第6.2条而成功或不成功的原因,进而较为准确地把握专家组对于申请列入其管辖范围的标准,在此基础上提出笔者关于中国参与WTO争端解决活动应该注意的问题的建议。     

21世纪我国乡村发展的八大趋势

文章结合我国市场经济体制的深化和加入世界贸易组织后更加开放的乡村发展环境 ,重新认识乡村与乡村资源 ,并提出了新世纪我国乡村资源开发和乡村发展的对策 :(1)世界一体化过程中乡村产业结构的战略调整 ;(2)以农业技术为突破 ,促进农业资源的高效、生态和无害化开发利用 ;(3)农业产业化与乡村产业经济一体化发展 ;(4)乡村景观资源开发与乡村休闲业发展 ;(5)乡村劳动力资源开发与人力资本建设 ;(6)加快乡村基础设施建设 ,推动小城镇风貌塑造与乡村城镇化发展 ;(7)乡村环境资源的开发与乡村人居环境的改善与建设 ;(8)城乡经济的一体化整合发展 ,促进城乡协调发展。     

入世过渡期结束后中国保险监管制度的完善

保险监管机构具备制度供给职能,可以弥补市场的制度供给不足。但监管制度有时不能达到社会最佳水平,而是制度供给过剩与制度供给不足并存。入世过渡期结束后,中国保险监管制度面临着竞争形势严峻化、保险费率自由化、保险经营综合化、监管规则国际化等带来的挑战。因此,必须开展监管制度创新,即以提高监管效率为核心,完善监管体系;以树立行业形象为目标,加强信用体系建设;以行业协会建设为依托,培育保险市场的自律机制;以推动行业创新为重点,促进保险业的发展;以此促进监管制度均衡。     

入世后中国农业保险业的发展对策

本文通过对我国农业保险业的现状和存在的问题分析,并借鉴西方发达国家农业保险业成 功的经验对中国加入WTO后农业保险业发展问题进行探讨。     

中小银行入世面临的机遇和挑战

我国加入 WTO,对中小银行业是一把双刃剑 ,既提供了发展良机 ,又提出了挑战。我国中小银行与国外银行相比 ,在资金实力、经营技术、人才储备、管理经验及经营理念上都存在着很大差距。迎接挑战 ,中小银行要在银行制度创新、发展战略、业务创新、加快人才培养和建立稳健、安全、防风险的运行机制上下功夫