政府研发补贴方式对战略性新兴产业创新的影响机制研究

本文研究了政府研发补贴的不同发放方式对战略性新兴产业创新产生的不同影响机制。动态博弈模型分析指出,定额补贴由于不影响战略性新兴产业先行厂商的产品质量决策,所以在促进原始创新方面,它不如比率补贴有效。本文使用系统GMM方法估计了2009~2013年我国战略性新兴产业上市公司的动态面板数据,发现上市公司接受的定额研发补贴对其创新产出,即技术进步没有显著影响;这些上市公司上期的技术进步和当期研发投入会正向显著增加其创新产出。我国各级政府需要改变普遍使用的定额研发补贴方式,以比率研发补贴来代替定额研发补贴,从而提高战略性新兴产业的创新产出。     

基于政策性补贴的我国农业保险市场非均衡研究

有效平衡农业保险需求与供给的非均衡关系以及是否需要实施政策性农业保险补贴政策是其发展中必须面对的一个重要问题.本文基于1990-2011年我国农业保险市场的宏观经济数据,通过构建供求双曲线型非均衡计量模型来分析在实施政策性农业保险补贴前后的农业保险市场的非均衡性.实证结果表明实施的政策性农业保险补贴能够有效促进农业保险市场供求朝均衡方向发展.最后提出应大力实施政策性农业保险、不断提高农民农业收入以及尽快建立从中央到地方的多层次农业保险经营模式等政策建议.     

中国工业R＆D投入的影响因素

本文运用中国工业面板数据,实证研究了企业规模、产权结构等因素对R＆D投入的影响。研究发现,企业销售收入对R＆D支出有显著正影响,企业员工数量对R＆D支出和R＆D人数均没有显著影响,这意味着熊彼特假说依赖于企业规模和创新变量的设定;国有产权对R＆D人数有显著正影响,但对R＆D支出没有显著影响,这可能表明国有企业在R＆D资源配置上存在着某种扭曲。研究还发现,政府资助对激励企业R＆D投入有重要作用。     

政府补助企业的主要动机研究——基于我国A股上市公司面板数据的实证检验

上市公司获得的政府补助数额巨大且逐年增长,引起了广泛的质疑,而现有研究对政府补助企业的动机尚无一致的结论。基于理性经济人理论,考虑制度更改和环境变化的影响,以2007—2015年我国上市公司为研究样本,实证检验政府补助企业的主要动机,结果表明：政府补助企业的主要动机在于扩大就业和帮助上市公司“保牌”,最终目的是促进经济的增长;而增加税收和帮助上市公司达到配股要求不是政府补助企业主要考虑的因素,也没有明显证据证明国有企业比民营企业更容易获得政府补助。应完善资本市场退市制度,加强对政府补助的审批和监管,提高政府补助的资源配置效率,并积极引导政府补助发挥更好的社会效益。     

我国粮食补贴政策体系的构建与完善

我国的粮食补贴政策,经历了由间接补贴到直接补贴发展的过程。现行的粮食补贴政策,在促进粮食增产、农民增收,确保国家粮食安全方面,发挥了积极的作用。但是在政策的实施过程中,也确实存在着一些不容置疑的问题,针对粮食补贴政策中存在的主要不足,就如何完善我国的粮食补贴政策,更好地实现政策目标,进行了思考并提出相应的建议。     

对创建我国农业保险外部发展环境的几点思考

2005年以来,我国农业保险业迎来了一个全新的发展机遇,而良好的外部环境是农业保险发展的重要推动力.本文从财政补贴、税收优惠、监管制度、宣传教育四个方面入手,努力从宏观上创建有利于我国农业保险发展的良好的外部环境.     

The Tunisia Wheat Market in the Context of World Price Volatility: A Stochastic Partial Equilibrium Approach

Food security is a key objective of agricultural and food policy in Tunisia. The 2007–2008 food crisis highlighted the negative impacts of price volatility on international markets both in terms of food insecurity and budget exposure. Tunisian food subsidy expenditures ranged from $180 million to $710 million in 2006–2010, so volatile world prices meant volatile subsidy costs. Moreover, cereal production in Tunisia still has much instability due to climate conditions, which also influences imports and, consequently, subsidy expenditures. This study applies a structural model to conduct stochastic analyses of trade and policy impacts on food security and budget expenditures in the Tunisian wheat market. The methodology disaggregates durum wheat and soft wheat markets and generates projections of import prices of durum wheat and soft wheat, using projections of world prices provided by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute at University of Missouri (FAPRI-MU). The key innovation is the generated stochastic analyses of subsidy costs based on stochastic world price projections and stochastic domestic wheat yields based on historic yield variances. The analysis highlights the sensitivity of subsidy costs to world prices, volumes imported and domestic production, so that alternative policy tools can be considered.     

技术革新、产业层级分工与工资差异

本文在一般均衡的框架中,运用匹配与分类的思想,综合考虑了技术变革所引起的沟通成本的降低和技术进步对劳动力技能产生的“技能贬值”效应,将技术进步、产业组织结构变化与工资差距三者相结合建立模型。该模型能够将产业组织架构内生化,对不同能力的员工进行生产职能分配,并能给出技术变革与工资水平差距的内在联系;同时,本文利用珠三角的经济发展事实对以上模型结论提供了经验证据。     

Who shapes network neutrality policy debate? An examination of information subsidizers in the mainstream media and at Congressional and FCC hearings

Recognizing policy-making process as a communicative process, this study examines who has subsidized information relating to the net neutrality policy debate. Empirical data has been collected from net neutrality stories published in four national newspapers, as well as from hearings by Congress and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), during the period of February 2004 through January 2009. Study findings reveal that corporate interests have played a significant role in subsidizing information on net neutrality, both to the public through the mainstream media and to legislators through Congressional hearings. Furthermore, study results show that experts played a larger role in defining net neutrality through the mainstream media and FCC hearings than they did through Congressional hearings. Finally, the role of advocacy group representatives was more apparent at Congressional hearings than via the other two available information channels.     

Women,Ecology and Economics,edited by Ellie Perkins

This paper finds that black women earn 7 percent less than similarly skilled white women because of their race. Even within the same occupational category, black women earn 3 percent less than similarly qualified white women. Black women receive lower pay primarily due to occupational segregation and because they are rewarded with lower earnings than white women for equivalent levels of education and other human capital characteristics.