广西县乡财政困难的表现和制度成因分析

分税制改革以来,广西县乡财政收入增长缓慢,且增长质量不高,财政自给能力、自主调节能力很弱;公共产品或准公共产品的投入严重缺失,属于典型的"吃饭财政";赤字严重,债务严峻。造成广西县乡困难的制度成因,主要有财权上移、事权下移、转移支付不规范、机构改革滞后、法规政策影响、政府层级过多等。     

Wealth effects on money demand in the euro area

We investigate the determinants of money demand (M3) in the euro area, considering that this variable remains an important co-determinant of monetary policy making by the European Central Bank. Regressing the real stock of M3 on real GDP, interest rates and wealth variables (real housing and stock prices) within an error-correction framework provides evidence of positive wealth effects on money demand in the long run. Correcting for this wealth effect, money demand in the euro area has grown almost exactly in line with the official reference value of 4 1/2% per annum. This article builds on research that was conducted in preparation of the annual OECD Economic Survey of the euro area and reported in Boone et al. (2004). The authors thank their colleagues in the Economics Department and the European Central Bank and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. The authors assume full responsibility for any remaining errors and omissions. The opinions expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of the OECD or its member countries     

养老保险改革对家庭储蓄率的影响:中国的经验证据

本文利用1995年和1999年城镇住户调查数据(CHIPS)分析中国养老保险制度改革对家庭储蓄率的影响,从一个新的角度解释20世纪90年代中后期中国家庭储蓄率上升的原因。1995—1997年间中国对城镇企业职工进行的养老保险制度改革使得企业职工养老金财富发生变化,这种养老金财富的变化具有外生性,因而这项改革可以作为一项政策实验用来识别养老金财富对家庭储蓄率的影响。研究结果表明:中国的储蓄行为可以由生命周期模型解释;养老金财富对于家庭储蓄存在显著的替代效应,这一效应平均为-0.4—-0.3左右;但不同家庭这种替代效应有明显差异,户主年龄在35—49岁的家庭,储蓄率会显著受到养老金财富的影响,其他家庭这一影响并不显著。     

投资理性、居民金融资产选择与储蓄大搬家

本文通过一个加入交易成本的两期资产选择模型,对目前城镇居民储蓄迅速搬家股市而农村居民几乎不持有风险资产这两种并存现象的巨大反差提供了一个较为合理的解释.研究发现当持有风险资产存在成本时,财富水平的高低和交易成本的大小是居民决定是否持有一定数量风险资产的重要因素.二元经济结构下的城乡收入差距显著,财富分布极不均等,交易成本的不对称是阻碍农村居民投资风险资产的主要原因.在众多影响风险资产持有水平的因素中,高风险升水所带来的财富效应主导了其它因素的影响.     

经常项目动态路径与美元长期贬值态势

运用资产跨国组合模型说明，巨额对外净债务使美元呈现长期贬值态势。美国巨额对外净债务是20世纪80年代以来持续经常项目赤字累积的结果，因此，必须削减经常项目赤字才能降低净债务头寸。而经常项目赤字动态收敛的速度取决于资产收益率、汇率贬值的弹性值和汇率。资产收益率越低，弹性值越大，收敛速度越快。由于金融市场的反应速度快于商品市场，汇率贬值首先会降低经常项目赤字的收敛速度，然后会加大收敛速度。     

中国城镇家庭财产水平研究:基于行为的视角

本文首先提出了一个各种因素影响家庭财产水平的理论框架。然后通过对奥尔多投资研究中心2007年"城市投资者行为调查问卷"数据的处理和实证分析,估算了中国城镇居民的财产函数,重点考察了户主的主观行为特征在财产积累过程中的重要作用。本文发现:户主投资参与度与风险偏好度的提高有利于家庭财产水平的增加;与低收入或者经济相对落后地区的家庭相比,对高收入或者经济发达地区的家庭来说,投资参与度与风险偏好度对家庭财产水平的积极影响更显著一些。最后,针对政府如何促进居民财产水平的提升,本文给出了相关的政策建议。     

The evolution of portfolio rules and the capital asset pricing model

The aim of this paper is to test the performance of capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in an evolutionary framework. We model an economy where a heterogeneous population of long-lived agents invest their wealth according to different portfolio rules, and prove that traders who either “believe” in CAPM and use it as a rule of thumb, or are endowed with genuine mean-variance preferences, under some very weak conditions, vanish in the long run.We show that a sufficient condition to drive CAPM or mean-variance traders’ wealth shares to zero is that an investor endowed with a logarithmic utility function enters the market.     

中国房地产市场财富效应分析——基于生命周期假说的宏观消费函数

在生命周期假说的基础上,构造了一个城镇居民资产与城镇居民人均消费关系的模型,并利用1978~2006年的数据,分阶段实证研究了中国城镇居民住宅资产对城镇居民人均消费的影响。实证研究发现,中国房地产市场不具有财富效应。中国消费者的消费心理、法律制度以及现阶段中国房地产市场不成熟,是造成中国房地产市场不具有财富效应的重要原因。     

影子银行、资管业务与货币调控方式转型——基于银行表外理财数据的实证分析

近年来,我国影子银行体系迅猛发展且结构日趋复杂化,不仅加剧了市场流动性风险和系统性风险,还在一定程度上干扰了货币政策调控。本文分别从货币供给和货币需求两个角度,对银行表外理财与货币政策的关系进行了实证研究。根据金融脱媒理论的回归结果表明,银行表外理财的发展确实提高了货币乘数,加大了中央银行准确控制广义货币供给的难度,货币数量调控的有效性也因而明显下降。同时,影子银行扩张也使金融市场流动性需求上升且更不稳定,尤其是,近年来大量银行理财资金以委外方式通过非银行金融机构加杠杆投资,更是加大了存款类金融机构与非存款类金融机构的信用利差。实证研究还发现,银行表外理财的扩张规模,与存贷款利率(尤其是存款利率)水平与市场利率水平的差异密切相关。从未来趋势看,一方面要通过加强监管和完善宏观审慎评估弥补货币数量调控的局限,另一方面更要加快实现利率并轨,优化货币政策工具体系,推动货币政策从数量型调控为主向价格型调控为主转型。     

Wealth creation from high-tech divestitures

We measure the change in value to sellers and buyers of divested high-tech assets. Sellers and buyers experience favorable announcement effects in response to high-tech divestitures. However, buyers of divested high-tech assets experience more favorable announcement effects than sellers, which is opposite of the related research findings on other types of divestitures. Based on a cross-sectional analysis, the announcement effects for sellers of high-tech assets are more favorable when there is an investment bank advisor, the transaction price is disclosed, and the size of the divestiture is large. The announcement effects for buyers of high-tech assets were also more favorable when there was an investment bank advisor during the tech-bubble period. Overall, the results suggest that the stock price behavior in response to divestitures of high-tech assets is distinctly different from that of other types of divestitures.