美国钢铁贸易保护争端及其对世界经济贸易的影响

美国钢铁保障措施的出台是经济衰退期外贸政策保护主义倾向进一步加强的具体表现。作为WTO成员，美国按国内法201条款实施的钢铁保障措施必须符合WTO保障措施规则。但美国钢铁保障措施即使符合WTO规则，也是通过损害其钢铁贸易伙伴正当利益来追求本国利益最大化。因此，在全球贸易体制约束下，美国的行为必然引起各相关方与美国之间运用全球贸易规则的利益博弈，并由此对世界经济贸易产生重大影响。     

中国财政性教育投资的实证分析与对策研究

在现代市场经济社会里 ,几乎所有国家的政府投资在为全社会提供教育服务方面都起着主导作用。我国财政性教育投资严重不足 ,而且教育投资结构很不合理 ,因此必须改变教育投资观念 ,切实、稳定增加财政的教育投资 ,优化财政教育投资结构     

Turbo码解码过程中的加权算法

本文通过调整迭代解码过程中系统位接收值的加权系数，提出了一种Turbo码加权迭代解码算法。该算法改变了迭代运算后Turbo码解码器输出软值中系统位接收值信息和它的外部估计信息的比重，使Turbo码无论在低信噪比或是在高信噪比时均具有优良的纠错性能。仿真结果显示，采用Turbo码加权迭代解码算法，不仅能提高Turbo码的收敛速度，而且能进一步降低Turbo码解码时的地板值，使Turbo码的比特误码率在高、低信噪比时都能够得到进一步改善。     

Disciplining: A question of ethics?

The importance of evaluating a discipline system from an ethical perspective is considered. Disciplinary practices in contemporary organizations are frequently characterized by managers having to choose from among alternative courses of corrective action. Since the selected alternative may have serious consequences for the individuals involved, its rightness or wrongness is of concern. The pattern of these choices reflects the overall disciplinary practice of the organization, and is an issue that warrants attention from an ethical perspective. Basic schools of thought that influence contemporary discipline practices are discussed and suggestions are made for conducting an evaluation of the ethical nature of a discipline system.     

Does subsidised temporary employment get the unemployed back to work? Aneconometric analysis of two different schemes

Subsidised employment is an important tool of active labour market policies to improve the reemployment chances of the unemployed. Using unusually informative individual data from administrative records, we investigate the effects of two different schemes of subsidised temporary employment implemented in Switzerland: non-profit employment programmes (EP) and a subsidy for temporary jobs (TEMP) in private and public firms. Econometric matching methods show that TEMP is more successful than EP in getting the unemployed back to work. Compared to not participating in any programme, EP and TEMP are ineffective for unemployed who find jobs easily anyway or have a short unemployment spell. For potential and actual long-term unemployed, both programmes may have positive effects, but the effect of TEMP is larger.     

增值销售——企业发展的新起点

本文通过对技术、管理方面日新月异发展现状的分析,指出目前企业正面临着销售困难这一实际问题,并提出了相应的解决方案,即将企业内外部业务合理化改造与实现客户满意有机地结合,才能实现企业增值销售。     

我国企业财务管理目标的现实选择

随着会计国际化进程的进一步发展，传统的财务管理已远不能适应现代企业管理的需要。企业要想在激烈的市场竞争中得以生存和发展，就必须适应现代企业制度的要求，进一步加强企业财务管理，而其首要问题是必须树立现代企业财务管理的总目标。     

Pseudo empirical likelihood method in the presence of missing data

In this paper, we propose an estimator for the population mean when some observations on the study and auxiliary variables are missing from the sample. The proposed estimator is valid for any unequal probability sampling design, and is based upon the pseudo empirical likelihood method. The proposed estimator is compared with other estimators in a simulation study.     

税收流失的国际存在、表现形式及规模估测

税收流失是世界各国普遍存在的现象;税收流失有不同的表现形式;用税收流失规模估测的收支差异法可以测估出我国税收流失的规模.     

企业所有权概念评析及重新界定

关于企业所有权概念,目前有两种界定,一种界定为剩余索取权和剩余控制权,另一种界定为剩余索取权和控制权。不同的界定,造成了理论上和实践上的混乱。因此,应对这两种企业所有权界定进行深入分析后重新界定。本文把企业所有权界定为剩余索取权和归属性控制权。为了重新界定企业所有权概念,文中引入了归属性企业所有权、明晰控制权、参与控制权、股东企业所有权、经营者企业所有权和生产者企业所有权等新概念。