Technological character,function type,and the longevity of standardized knowledge

This study seeks to determine the validity of the current de jure standards management system. The de jure standard is an important tool for innovation policy. However, its review interval has been fixed in the management system and maintained without the use of empirical analysis to guide its development. Therefore, this study (1) examines the factors that affect the longevity of the standards, and (2) outlines methods for improving how the de jure standards are managed. Results indicate that design and mark standards influence the longevity of standardized knowledge. This is notable, given that design for innovation is an emerging area of research that is commonly studied through the analysis of design patent data. Taken together, this study’s major findings are twofold. First, different technological categories have significantly different effects on longevity. Because the longevity of some technological sectors is naturally longer than others, there exists a need for a more flexible interval system. Second, the longevity of the mark and design standard is longer than the longevity of other types of standards. Both developing and developed countries utilize the de jure standard, so the policy implications of these findings are widely applicable.     

潜规则对会计准则制度变迁的演化博弈分析

会计准则变迁是一种动态演化博弈,强调的是一种动态均衡。会计准则制定过程实际就是利益各方实现动态均衡的过程。潜规则在我国经济改革和制度转轨方面起着重要作用,本文基于演化博弈论分析框架,分析了潜规则对会计准则演化博弈的影响,认为初始条件和当前状态对会计准则的产生和演化有着重要作用。     

Regulatory effects on the market penetration and capacity of reliability differentiated service

This paper investigates the effects of alternative forms of regulation on the market penetration and capacity that are determined by a profit-maximizing monopolist providing reliability differentiated service to consumers. Both price cap and rate of return regulation lead to larger capacity and market penetration than in the absence of regulation. These forms of regulation also lead to larger consumer surplus than in the absence of regulation. A minimum reliability standard reduces market penetration, and this reduction may lead to a decrease in consumer surplus.      

Using inverted Engel curves to estimate material standards of living in a household

This article demonstrates how to estimate latent total consumption expenditure or material standard of living in households by inverting estimated Engel curves. While the conventional estimator, total purchase expenditure, is unbiased for latent total household consumption expenditure, it is not variance minimizing since it is an un-weighted sum. In two stages, this article derives a variance-minimizing, unbiased estimator by first estimating and inverting Engel curves; then combining the estimators from the inverted Engel curves. The employed latent variable method allows for utilization of non-expenditure relations. The suggested method may help improve the accuracy in studies of consumption inequality and tax evasion.      

上海商学院管理学院学风调查与对策思考

上海商学院管理学院采用问卷调查形式,从大学生在学习期间求知目的、治学态度、学习过程中的行为表现三个层面调查学生在思想、行为与作风上所反映出的学风现状,分析影响学风的主要因素和我校学风存在的主要问题。在此基础上,提出了加强学风建设的六点建议。     

研究生学术品质对硕士论文质量的影响

自高校研究生扩招以来,研究生硕士论文的质量问题引起了不少专家、学者的注意。造成研究生硕士论文质量下降的原因是多方面的,但其中研究生的学术品质是一个非常重要的原因。该文着力探讨研究生学术品质对研究生硕士论文质量的影响及如何培养研究生良好的学术品质。     

浅谈旅游品牌色彩识别设计

品牌是一种生存和发展的战略,品牌让人最易记住的是其名称、标识符号和色彩。面对形形色色的旅游品牌,人们关注更多的是其漂亮的品牌标志,而看似简单的品牌色彩识别设计,因其抽象性而不易被人更深认知。品牌色彩通过视知觉刺激于人的心理,具有强烈的感情魅力、视觉识别效应和传播效果。旅游品牌选用什么色彩并非随意为之,应该给予科学的色彩识别设计。     

英美法系双层次因果关系之借鉴

英美刑法在因果关系的认定上采双层次模式,先进行事实因果判断,再进行法律因果判断。事实因果判断以but-for原则为核心,在“并行因果关系”和不当扩张处罚范围的场合应当分别采用NESS标准和实质因素标准进行修正。法律因果判断以“近因”为核心,旨在考察行为发生结果的盖然性和介入因素造成结果的盖然性比较。预见说有主观归罪嫌疑,观念说过于抽象,政策说将行为人作为工具看待,它们均存在缺陷,只能作为判断“近因”的考察因素。英美法系的双层次因果关系判断相比大陆法系的因果关系理论逻辑清晰,渗透主观要素,实用主义色彩明显,值得大陆法系刑法理论借鉴。     

我国出口企业实施企业社会责任标准的现状与对策

尽管近年来国际社会呼吁企业履行社会责任的呼声越来越高,但是我国企业在承担社会责任方面仍存在着许多问题,尤其是对工人权益的漠视.通过对广东、天津和江苏出口企业实施社会责任标准情况的调查和对企业员工权益实际情况的分析可看出推行社会责任标准的必要性,从而从企业和政府两个层面提出应对SA8000标准的措施.     

美国经常项目赤字的可持续性研究

近年来，美国巨额经常项目赤字和美元持续贬值引起了经济学界的强烈关注，一些经济学家发出了美元和国际货币体系崩溃的警告。在现行国际货币体系即以资产为本位的泛布雷顿森林体系下。中心国家美国和外围亚洲国家形成了双赢的局面。该体系与布雷顿森林体系相比具有更大的安全性和稳定性。美国能够承受更大规模的经常项目赤字，并由此获得了更为灵活的政策操作空间。在某种程度上．美国巨额经常项目赤字是其雄厚的金融和经济实力的体现。