加速寿命试验在车用电子喇叭质量改进中的应用

针对车用电子喇叭产品在质量改进中的可靠性特征数据难于获取问题,采用加速寿命试验方法缩短试验时间,达到快速获取失效时间数据的目的。本文通过实例,对应用背景、加速寿命试验条件、样本选取及数据处理进行了分析和说明。同时,针对车用电子喇叭产品的特殊性,试验中不仅采用了提高工作电压的加速失效方法,同时采用了包括机械结构变更、工作方式调整在内的其它加速失效方法。     

Tax Incentives and Maturity Mismatch between Investment and Financing: Evidence from China

This paper examines the effects of China's accelerated depreciation policy (ADP) on the maturity mismatch between investment and financing. Using panel data for China's A-share nonfinancial listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and a staggered difference-in-differences approach, we found the following. First, ADP significantly aggravated the degree of corporate maturity mismatch, and this result was robust across multiple checks. Second, due to an insufficient long-term loan supply, firms had to finance the fixed investments induced by ADP with short-term debts, leading to maturity mismatches. Third, the positive policy effects were mainly significant for firms with high policy exposure, high-risk preferences, a high degree of information asymmetry, and firms with weak long-term financing capacity. Finally, maturity mismatch exacerbated corporate financial risks. Our research findings indicate that passive maturity mismatch is prevalent among Chinese companies and emphasize the need to address financial repression in order to mitigate the potential financial risks that may arise from tax incentives.     

Planning step-stress life test with progressively type I group-censored exponential data

Accelerated life testing of products is used to get information quickly on their lifetime distributions. This paper discusses a k -stage step-stress accelerated life test under progressive type I censoring with grouped data. An exponential lifetime distribution with mean life that is a log-linear function of stress is considered. A cumulative exposure model is also assumed. We use the maximum likelihood method to obtain the estimators of the model parameters. The methods for obtaining the optimum test plan are investigated using the variance-optimality and D-optimality criteria. Some numerical studies are discussed to illustrate the proposed criteria.     

Further developments in estimation of the largest mean ofK normal populations

We revisit the bounded maximal risk point estimation problem as well as the fixed-width confidence interval estimation problem for the largest mean amongk(≥2) independent normal populations having unknown means and unknown but equal variance. In the point estimation setup, we devise appropriate two-stage and modified two-stage methodologies so that the associatedmaximal risk can bebounded from aboveexactly by a preassigned positive number. Kuo and Mukhopadhyay (1990), however, emphasized only the asymptotics in this context. We have also introduced, in both point and interval estimation problems,accelerated sequential methodologies thereby saving sampling operations tremendously over the purely sequential schemes considered in Kuo and Mukhopadhyay (1990), but enjoying at the same time asymptotic second-order characteristics, fairly similar to those of the purely sequential ones.     

加速折旧企业所得税政策与实体企业金融化——基于2014年固定资产加速折旧政策的准自然实验

本文选择2011-2017年我国沪深上市实体企业的样本数据,以2014年固定资产加速折旧所得税政策的出台为准自然实验,采用双重差分法实证检验了固定资产加速折旧政策对实体企业金融化行为的影响。研究发现,固定资产加速折旧政策出台带来的所得税抵税收益在提升实体企业固定资产和无形资产等实业投资的同时,会提升实体企业金融化水平。进一步研究发现,固定资产加速折旧政策的出台仅对现金流较贫乏、非国有企业、成长性较高以及规模较小的实体企业的金融化水平具有显著促进作用。研究结论不仅能够丰富企业金融化的理论研究,还有助于税务监管部门进一步调整优化固定资产加速折旧政策及相关配套税收政策,以便更好地防范、化解脱实向虚风险,促进实体企业高质量发展。     

折旧方法、心理感知和资本投资决策研究

本文采用模拟实验的方式通过问卷调查研究企业折旧方法、心理感知和管理者资本投资决策的关系机理。为此,进行了如下试验：管理者必须决定是继续使用现有的资产还是重置资产。研究结果表明：一、固定资产采取直线折旧法比采用加速折旧法被重置的可能性要小些。二、使用直线法折旧的资产比使用加速法折旧的资产所提供的追溯效用要小。三,由折旧方法引起的管理者追溯效用感知差异影响他们的预期效用感知,进而影响管理者的资产重置决策,心理感知在折旧方法和资本投资决策之间起部分中介作用。     

Internet companies' growth strategies: determinants of investment intensity and long‐term performance

To exploit first‐mover advantages, pioneers may be motivated to amass customers before rivals enter the market. Likewise, when they enjoy increasing returns due to network effects, static scale economies, or learning effects, companies have incentives to invest aggressively in growth. This paper presents econometric analysis of factors that determined the intensity of Internet companies' investments in growth, and analyzes the long‐term performance consequences of such investments. Results indicate that first movers spent significantly more on upfront marketing than non‐pioneers. Contrary to expectations, however, firms in markets that exhibited increasing returns did not spend more on their early customer acquisition efforts than other sample companies. Although the typical sample company did not earn positive long‐term returns, heavy early investments in growth were nevertheless economically rational. In most cases, reducing marketing outlays would have worsened a bad outcome, consistent with an inverted ‘U’ relationship between long‐term returns and upfront marketing spending. Thus, the typical sample company invested in marketing, ex ante, at levels close to those that would have maximized returns, observed ex post. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

原则与例外：股东认缴出资加速到期的司法适用之思

股东认缴出资加速到期制度是在股东出资期限利益与债权人保护权衡后所作出的制度选择,其有效地弥补了认缴制下存在的法律漏洞。从债权人整体利益保护出发,应确立限制非破产情形下单个债权人主张股东认缴出资加速到期的基本原则。但当期限利益被滥用,严重损害单个债权人的期限利益之时,在特定情形下,应赋予债权人向认缴股东主张认缴出资加速到期的权利。依据法律逻辑及制度内涵,司法实践中对以下三种情形：债权设定时,股东的相关行为已使得该债权人对股东未届出资期限的出资额产生高度确信和依赖;公司的法人股东为绝对控股股东或者全资股东进入破产程序,对公司经营产生重大影响;认缴出资股东存在借认缴期限恶意逃避股东责任之时,应予考虑适用认缴出资加速到期制度。     

Sequential estimation of a linear function of normal means under asymmetric loss function

The problem of estimating a linear function of k normal means with unknown variances is considered under an asymmetric loss function such that the associated risk is bounded from above by a known quantity. In the absence of a fixed sample size rule, sequential stopping rules satisfying a general set of assumptions are considered. Two estimators are proposed and second-order asymptotic expansions of their risk functions are derived. It is shown that the usual estimator, namely the linear function of the sample means, is asymptotically inadmissible, being dominated by a shrinkage-type estimator. An example illustrates the use of different multistage sampling schemes and provides asymptotic expansions of the risk functions. Received: August 1999     

ASE—HPLC测定土壤中多环芳烃的方法研究

采集实地土壤样品,综合对比多种土壤预处理方法和分析测试手段,建立了加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱（ASE—HPLC）联用测定土壤中16种多环芳烃持久性有机污染物的方法,并详细考察了该方法的回收率和检出限。结果表明,萘的回收率较低,只有65％左右,其他15种多环芳烃的回收率均处于70％-130％,符合USEPA标准。此外,以高效液相基线噪音的3倍作为仪器的绝对检出限（S／N=3）,最低检出限达0．5μg／kg。