基于煤矿瓦斯事故的人因可靠性的方法研究

基于近年来煤矿瓦斯事故与人因可靠性的分析,发现在煤矿安全生产中人的行为对安全生产依然占据主导地位,结合多种人因可靠性分析方法,弥补传统方法的缺陷,提高人因可靠性在煤矿瓦斯事故应用中的准确性。     

福岛核事故后日本能源战略及对中国的启示

福岛核事故导致日本电力供给不足,石化能源消费量激增,其政府更加重视可再生能源和节能降耗的作用。日本核事故的爆发是由于主观上轻视安全、监管上漠视漏洞、宣传上文过饰非。重塑安全高效的能源版图,日本在缩减核电方面需要更加可行的替代方案,在可再生能源政策上应建立明确产业激励机制,在节能手段上需更加重视社会的可承受程度。中国应吸取日本的经验教训,确保核电安全,谨慎发展核电;确保能源供给,实现能源结构多元化;建立能源危机管理体系,提高能源危机应对能力。     

对加强病历审查主体的规制研究——以医疗事故技术鉴定为视角

病历审查是医疗事故技术鉴定程序的基础环节,是鉴定结论客观公正性的根本保障。《医疗事故处理条例》规定,＂专家鉴定组应认真审查双方当事人提交的材料＂。但实践中,医学会却不履行其病历审查义务,存在着病历审查义务的＂转移＂、病历真实性的审查不清、文件检验＂全盘接受＂等不规制现象,使病历资料的证据价值大打折扣,鉴定结论的客观公正性受到强烈冲击。因此应对病历审查主体予以规制,完善证据能力和证据力审查,提高病历审查主体的法律素质,使医学会真正履行其病历审查义务,有效地保护病历审查的相对方——患方的合法权益。     

Risk management; a behavioural perspective

The risk contributor is usually regarded as responsible for risk mitigation and accident compensation, especially when the risk is due to the operation of a commercial company. The culpability of risk has resulted in several approaches to safety management. Risk management based on quantitative risk analysis (QRA) emerged in the defence and nuclear industry during and after Second World War and is by now introduced in almost every industry with high-risk potential. During this period, risk analysis and management as a profession has evolved considerably. Technical failures and operator errors used to be considered as the prime causes of accidents in the early days of risk analysis. Based on investigations of major accidents in the latter half of the last century, poor safety culture and mismanagement were introduced as possible additional causes of major accidents. Human error in decision-making is, however, rarely quantified and thus not included in QRA. Knowledge from the experimental analysis of behaviour is absent in practical or operational risk management. This paper advocates an approach to risk management where the decision part of the chain of events is explicitly included. The behavioural perspective introduced implies that the application of experimentally based behaviour science and QRA both should be pursued, mainly because QRA is a strong, and probably the best, defence against decision errors. In an operational situation, management must do trade-offs between objectives where safety is but one of several considerations. When the risk is not quantified, safety loses out to other more easily quantified objectives of a company. The fatal decision error that led to the Challenger accident is used as an example.     

Engaging employees for quality of life: mediation by psychological capital

The objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) between work engagement and the six dimensions of quality of work life (QoWL). Data were collected from the employees working in the accident and emergency department of tertiary hospitals in India involved in rendering emergency healthcare services. Structural analysis showed that PsyCap fully mediates the relationship between work engagement and control at work and partially between work engagement and the other five dimensions of QoWL. These results augment broaden and build theory by explaining the role of PsyCap in channelizing the positive effect of work engagement to improve employees’ QoWL. Hospitals with the accident and emergency department are encouraged to recruit psychologically capable employees. Such employees can transfer the benefits of their personal resources and engagement to the quality of life at work and be less prone to burnout.     

国内外核电发展形势分析

日本福岛核事故后,核电安全性再一次在全球范围内引起广泛关注,主要核能利用国家均针对本国核电安全性进行了全面检查,部分核电项目审批、建设被推迟或取消,我国也暂时停止了新建核电项目的审批。通过介绍当前国际核能利用总体情况和当前主要核反应堆堆型的技术特点,分析了日本福岛核事故情况及产生的影响,综述了全球主要核能利用国家核电发展态度与政策,阐述了我国核电发展总体形势和技术发展方向。     

监理机构预防安全事故的体会

文章根据《建设工程安全生产管理条例》对监理单位安全工作的要求,提出了监理机构预防施工安全事故的综合措施：监理机构内部建立安全控制体系,审查施工组织技术措施或专项施工措施,加强施工现场安全控制,收集安全资料。     

浅析油浸式变压器事故油池的设计

阐述了在变电所工程设计中,为保证油浸式变压器的运行安全,防止对环境造成污染,对油浸式变压器事故油池的设计,依照规范GB50060-2008《3~110k V高压配电装置设计规范》,遵循"安全、经济"的原则,对事故油池的设计要求、工作过程、计算原理、设计特点进行论述。     

旅游安全事故成因机制初探

安全是旅游活动的前提和基础。文章在综合各种事故致因理论的基础之上,通过建立事故因果连锁模型来进行事故成因分析,并进一步阐述旅游安全事故发生机制、原理。在深刻剖析事故要素之后,提出了预防事故发生的相应对策和建议。     

机动车交通事故责任强制保险与商业第三者责任保险的比较分析

从2006年7月1日起,我国将实施《机动车交通事故责任强制保险条例》,推行机动车交通事故责任强制保险,这是我国第一个由国家法律规定实行的强制保险制度.强制保险制度的实施对更新我国保险理念、完善机动车交通事故保险制度、提高机动车交通事故保障水平、保障经济正常发展和促进社会安全稳定具有重要意义.